MODULE FoxIntermediateBackend; (** AUTHOR ""; PURPOSE ""; *)

IMPORT Basic := FoxBasic, SyntaxTree := FoxSyntaxTree, SemanticChecker := FoxSemanticChecker, Backend := FoxBackend, Global := FoxGlobal,
	Scanner := FoxScanner, IntermediateCode := FoxIntermediateCode, Sections := FoxSections, Printout := FoxPrintout,
	SYSTEM, Diagnostics, Strings, Options, Streams, Compiler, Formats := FoxFormats, SymbolFileFormat := FoxTextualSymbolFile, D := Debugging,
	FingerPrinter := FoxFingerPrinter, StringPool, ActiveCells := FoxActiveCells;

CONST
		(* operand modes *)
		ModeUndefined = 0;
		ModeReference = 1;
		ModeValue = 2;

		(* heap data offsets *)
		ArrayDimTable = 3;	(* dimension table in dyn arrays *)

		(* math array offsets *)
		MathPtrOffset=0;
		MathAdrOffset=1;
		MathFlagsOffset=2;
		MathDimOffset=3;
		MathElementSizeOffset=4;
		MathLenOffset=5;
		MathIncrOffset=6;

		SysDataArrayOffset* = 8*8;   (* array offset in system block, for 32 byte alignment *)
		ArrDataArrayOffset*= 16*8; (* array offset in array block, to be compatible with the GC scheme of POINTER TO ARRAY OF ... *)

		TensorFlag* = 0;   (* flag indicating a tensor array *)
		RangeFlag* = 1;   (* flag indicating a range, e.g. an array derived from A[..,..] *)
		StackFlag* = 2;   (* flag indicates temporary result *)

		(** compiler generated traps *)
		WithTrap* = 1; (* generated when a WITH statement fails *)
		CaseTrap* = 2; (* generated when a case statement without else block fails *)
		ReturnTrap* = 3;
		TypeEqualTrap* = 5;
		TypeCheckTrap* = 6;
		IndexCheckTrap* = 7; (* generated when index is out of bounds or range is invalid *)
		AssertTrap* = 8; (* generated when an assert fails *)
		ArraySizeTrap* = 9;
		ArrayFormTrap*=10; (* indicates that array cannot be (re-)allocated since shape, type or size does not match *)
		SetElementTrap*=11; (* indicates that a set element is out of MIN(SET)...MAX(SET) *)
		NegativeDivisorTrap*=12;

		Trace = FALSE;
		TraceRegisterUsage=TRUE;

		ArrayAlignment = 8*8;			(* first array element of ArrayBlock and first data element of SystemBlock must be aligned to 0 MOD ArrayAlignment *)

		(** system call numbers  *)
		NumberSystemCalls* = 12;
		SysNewRec* = 0;  SysNewArr* = 1;  SysNewSys* = 2;  SysCaseTable* = 3;  SysProcAddr* = 4;
		SysLock* = 5;  SysUnlock* = 6;  SysStart* = 7;  SysAwait* = 8; SysInterfaceLookup* = 9;
		SysRegisterInterface* = 10; SysGetProcedure* = 11;

		DefaultRuntimeModuleName ="Runtime";
		DefaultTraceModuleName ="KernelLog";
		ChannelModuleName = "Channels";

		suppressModuleRegistration=FALSE;

		NonPointer = -1; (* special pointer values *)
		NoType = 0; (* special type info values *)
		LhsIsPointer = 0; (* for the operator kind *)
		RhsIsPointer = 1;

		DisableSysCalls= TRUE;
TYPE
	SupportedInstructionProcedure* = PROCEDURE {DELEGATE} (CONST instr: IntermediateCode.Instruction; VAR moduleName,procedureName: ARRAY OF CHAR): BOOLEAN;
	SupportedImmediateProcedure* = PROCEDURE {DELEGATE} (CONST op: IntermediateCode.Operand): BOOLEAN;

	Operand = RECORD
		mode: SHORTINT;
		op: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		tag: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		extra: IntermediateCode.Operand; (* stores the step size of an array range *)
		dimOffset: LONGINT;
	END;

	Fixup= POINTER TO RECORD
		pc: LONGINT;
		nextFixup: Fixup;
	END;

	WriteBackCall = POINTER TO RECORD
		call: SyntaxTree.ProcedureCallDesignator;
		next: WriteBackCall;
	END;

	Label= OBJECT
	VAR
		fixups: Fixup;
		section: IntermediateCode.Section;
		pc: LONGINT;

		PROCEDURE &InitLabel(section: IntermediateCode.Section);
		BEGIN
			SELF.section := section; pc := -1;
		END InitLabel;

		PROCEDURE Resolve(pc: LONGINT);
		VAR at: LONGINT;
		BEGIN
			SELF.pc := pc;
			WHILE(fixups # NIL) DO
				at := fixups.pc;
				section.PatchAddress(at,pc);
				fixups := fixups.nextFixup;
			END;
		END Resolve;

		PROCEDURE AddFixup(at: LONGINT);
		VAR fixup: Fixup;
		BEGIN
			ASSERT(pc=-1);
			NEW(fixup); fixup.pc := at; fixup.nextFixup := fixups; fixups := fixup;
		END AddFixup;

	END Label;


	ConditionalBranch = PROCEDURE {DELEGATE}(label: Label; op1,op2: IntermediateCode.Operand);

	DeclarationVisitor =OBJECT(SyntaxTree.Visitor)
	VAR
		backend: IntermediateBackend;
		implementationVisitor: ImplementationVisitor;
		meta: MetaDataGenerator;
		system: Global.System;
		currentScope: SyntaxTree.Scope;
		module: Sections.Module;
		moduleSelf: SyntaxTree.Variable;
		dump: BOOLEAN;
		forceModuleBody: BOOLEAN;

		PROCEDURE & Init(system: Global.System; implementationVisitor: ImplementationVisitor; backend: IntermediateBackend; forceModuleBody, dump: BOOLEAN);
		BEGIN
			currentScope := NIL; module := NIL; moduleSelf := NIL;
			SELF.system := system; SELF.implementationVisitor := implementationVisitor;
			SELF.dump := dump;
			SELF.backend := backend;
			SELF.forceModuleBody := forceModuleBody;
		END Init;

		PROCEDURE Error(position: LONGINT; CONST s: ARRAY OF CHAR);
		BEGIN
			backend.Error(module.module.sourceName, position, Diagnostics.Invalid, s);
		END Error;

		PROCEDURE Type(x: SyntaxTree.Type);
		BEGIN
			x.Accept(SELF);
		END Type;

		(** types **)

		PROCEDURE VisitBasicType(x: SyntaxTree.BasicType);
		BEGIN (* no code emission *) END VisitBasicType;

		PROCEDURE VisitCharacterType(x: SyntaxTree.CharacterType);
		BEGIN (* no code emission *)  END VisitCharacterType;

		PROCEDURE VisitIntegerType(x: SyntaxTree.IntegerType);
		BEGIN (* no code emission *)  END VisitIntegerType;

		PROCEDURE VisitFloatType(x: SyntaxTree.FloatType);
		BEGIN (* no code emission *)  END VisitFloatType;

		PROCEDURE VisitComplexType(x: SyntaxTree.ComplexType);
		BEGIN (* no code emission *)  END VisitComplexType;

		PROCEDURE VisitQualifiedType(x: SyntaxTree.QualifiedType);
		VAR type: SyntaxTree.Type;
		BEGIN (* no further traversal to x.resolved necessary since type descriptor and code will be inserted at "original" position ? *)
			type := x.resolved;
			IF (type.typeDeclaration # NIL) & (type.typeDeclaration.scope.ownerModule # module.module) THEN
				meta.CheckTypeDeclaration(type);
			END;
		END VisitQualifiedType;

		PROCEDURE VisitStringType(x: SyntaxTree.StringType);
		BEGIN (* no code emission *)   END VisitStringType;

		PROCEDURE VisitArrayRangeType(x: SyntaxTree.RangeType);
		BEGIN (* no code emission *)
		END VisitArrayRangeType;

		PROCEDURE VisitArrayType(x: SyntaxTree.ArrayType);
		BEGIN (* no code emission *)   END VisitArrayType;

		PROCEDURE VisitMathArrayType(x: SyntaxTree.MathArrayType);
		BEGIN
			meta.CheckTypeDeclaration(x);
		END VisitMathArrayType;

		PROCEDURE VisitPointerType(x: SyntaxTree.PointerType);
		BEGIN
			meta.CheckTypeDeclaration(x);
			(* base type must not be visited => will be done via record type declaration, otherwise is done twice ! *)
		END VisitPointerType;

		PROCEDURE VisitRecordType(x: SyntaxTree.RecordType);
		VAR name: ARRAY 256 OF CHAR; td: SyntaxTree.TypeDeclaration;
		BEGIN (* no code emission *)
			meta.CheckTypeDeclaration(x);
			IF (x.recordScope.ownerModule = module.module) & (x.isObject) THEN
				IF x.pointerType.typeDeclaration # NIL THEN
					td := x.pointerType.typeDeclaration
				ELSE
					td := x.typeDeclaration
				END;
				Global.GetSymbolName(td,name);

				(* code section for object *)
			END;
			Scope(x.recordScope);
		END VisitRecordType;

		PROCEDURE HasFlag(modifiers: SyntaxTree.Modifier; CONST name: ARRAY OF CHAR): BOOLEAN;
		VAR this: SyntaxTree.Modifier; id: SyntaxTree.Identifier;
		BEGIN
			this := modifiers; id := SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier(name);
			WHILE (this # NIL) & (this.identifier# id) DO
				this := this.nextModifier;
			END;
			RETURN this # NIL
		END HasFlag;

		PROCEDURE VisitCellType(x: SyntaxTree.CellType);
		VAR name:Basic.PooledName; td: SyntaxTree.TypeDeclaration; type: SyntaxTree.Type; len,port,adr: LONGINT;
			parameter: SyntaxTree.Parameter; symbol: IntermediateCode.Section; op: IntermediateCode.Operand; capabilities: SET;
		BEGIN
			meta.CheckTypeDeclaration(x);
			IF (x.cellScope.ownerModule = module.module)  THEN
				td := x.typeDeclaration;
				Global.GetSymbolPooledName(td,name);
				(* code section for object *)
			END;
			port := 0;
			parameter := x.firstParameter;
			WHILE parameter # NIL DO
				type := parameter.type.resolved;
				IF type IS SyntaxTree.PortType THEN
					len := 1;
					INC(port);
				ELSIF SemanticChecker.IsStaticArray(type,type,len) THEN
					Global.GetSymbolPooledName(parameter,name);
					symbol := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind,Sections.ConstSection, TRUE, name,parameter,dump);
					WHILE len > 0 DO
						adr := backend.activeCellsSpecification.GetPortAddress(port);
						IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(op,IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.addressType),adr);
						symbol.Emit(Data(-1,op));
						DEC(len); INC(port);
					END;
				ELSE
					Error(parameter.position,"should never happen, check semantic checker!");
				END;
				parameter := parameter.nextParameter;
			END;
			capabilities := {};
			IF HasFlag(x.modifiers, Global.StringFloatingPoint) THEN INCL(capabilities, Global.FloatingPointCapability) END;
			IF HasFlag(x.modifiers, Global.StringVector) THEN INCL(capabilities, Global.VectorCapability) END;
			backend.SetCapabilities(capabilities);
			Scope(x.cellScope);
		END VisitCellType;

		PROCEDURE VisitProcedureType(x: SyntaxTree.ProcedureType);
		BEGIN (* no code emission *)   END VisitProcedureType;

		PROCEDURE VisitEnumerationType(x: SyntaxTree.EnumerationType);
		BEGIN (* no code emission, exported enumeration type values should be included in symbol file *)
		END VisitEnumerationType;

		(* symbols *)

		PROCEDURE VisitProcedure(x: SyntaxTree.Procedure);
		BEGIN
			Procedure(x);
		END VisitProcedure;

		PROCEDURE VisitOperator(x: SyntaxTree.Operator);
		BEGIN
			Procedure(x);
		END VisitOperator;

		PROCEDURE VisitVariable(x: SyntaxTree.Variable);
		VAR name: Basic.PooledName; irv: IntermediateCode.Section;
		BEGIN
			IF (currentScope IS SyntaxTree.ModuleScope) OR (currentScope IS SyntaxTree.CellScope) THEN
				(* code section for variable *)
				Global.GetSymbolPooledName(x,name);
				irv := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind,Sections.VarSection, TRUE, name,x,dump);
				irv.SetPositionOrAlignment(x.fixed, x.alignment);
				irv.SetOffset(ToMemoryUnits(system,x.offsetInBits));
				irv.Emit(Reserve(x.position,ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(x.type))));
				meta.CheckTypeDeclaration(x.type);
			ELSIF currentScope IS SyntaxTree.RecordScope THEN
			ELSIF currentScope IS SyntaxTree.ProcedureScope THEN
			END;
			(* do not call Type(x.type) here as this must already performed in the type declaration section ! *)
		END VisitVariable;

		PROCEDURE VisitParameter(x: SyntaxTree.Parameter);
		VAR name: Basic.PooledName; irv: IntermediateCode.Section; op: Operand;
		BEGIN
			ASSERT(currentScope.outerScope IS SyntaxTree.CellScope);
			(* code section for variable *)
			Global.GetSymbolPooledName(x,name);
			irv := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind,Sections.VarSection, TRUE, name,x,dump);
			irv.SetPositionOrAlignment(x.fixed, x.alignment);
			(*
			irv.SetOffset(ToMemoryUnits(system,x.offsetInBits));
			*)
			IF x.defaultValue = NIL THEN
				irv.Emit(Reserve(x.position,ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(x.type))))
			ELSE
				implementationVisitor.inData := TRUE;
				implementationVisitor.Evaluate(x.defaultValue, op);
				irv.Emit(Data(x.position,op.op));
				implementationVisitor.inData := FALSE;
			END;
			meta.CheckTypeDeclaration(x.type);
		END VisitParameter;


		PROCEDURE VisitTypeDeclaration(x: SyntaxTree.TypeDeclaration);
		BEGIN
			Type(x.declaredType); (* => code in objects *)
			IF ~(x.declaredType IS SyntaxTree.QualifiedType) & (x.declaredType.resolved IS SyntaxTree.PointerType) THEN
				Type(x.declaredType.resolved(SyntaxTree.PointerType).pointerBase);
			END;
		END VisitTypeDeclaration;

		PROCEDURE VisitConstant(x: SyntaxTree.Constant);
		BEGIN
			IF (SyntaxTree.Public * x.access # {}) THEN
				implementationVisitor.VisitConstant(x);
			END;
		END VisitConstant;


		PROCEDURE Scope(x: SyntaxTree.Scope);
		VAR procedure: SyntaxTree.Procedure;
			constant: SyntaxTree.Constant;
			variable: SyntaxTree.Variable;
			prevScope: SyntaxTree.Scope;  typeDeclaration: SyntaxTree.TypeDeclaration;
		BEGIN
			prevScope := currentScope;
			currentScope := x;
			(* constants treated in implementation visitor  *)

			typeDeclaration := x.firstTypeDeclaration;
			WHILE typeDeclaration # NIL DO
				VisitTypeDeclaration(typeDeclaration);
				typeDeclaration := typeDeclaration.nextTypeDeclaration;
			END;

			variable := x.firstVariable;
			WHILE variable # NIL DO
				VisitVariable(variable);
				variable := variable.nextVariable;
			END;

			procedure := x.firstProcedure;
			WHILE procedure # NIL DO
				VisitProcedure(procedure);
				procedure := procedure.nextProcedure;
			END;

			constant := x.firstConstant;
			WHILE constant # NIL DO
				VisitConstant(constant);
				constant := constant.nextConstant;
			END;
			currentScope := prevScope;
		END Scope;

		PROCEDURE Parameters(first: SyntaxTree.Parameter);
		VAR parameter: SyntaxTree.Parameter;
		BEGIN
			parameter := first;
			WHILE parameter # NIL DO
				VisitParameter(parameter);
				parameter := parameter.nextParameter;
			END;
		END Parameters;


		PROCEDURE Procedure(x: SyntaxTree.Procedure);
		VAR scope: SyntaxTree.ProcedureScope;
			prevScope: SyntaxTree.Scope;
			inline: BOOLEAN;
			procedureType: SyntaxTree.ProcedureType;
			pc: LONGINT;
			stackSize: LONGINT;
			parSize: LONGINT;
			name: Basic.PooledName; ir: IntermediateCode.Section;
			null,size,src,dest,fp: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			cc: LONGINT;
			actorType: SyntaxTree.CellType;
			registerNumber: LONGINT;
			registerClass: IntermediateCode.RegisterClass;
			type: IntermediateCode.Type;
			formalParameter: SyntaxTree.Parameter;

			PROCEDURE Signature;
			VAR parameter: SyntaxTree.Parameter; procedureType: SyntaxTree.ProcedureType; returnType : SyntaxTree.Type;
			BEGIN
				procedureType := x.type(SyntaxTree.ProcedureType);
				returnType := procedureType.returnType;
				IF returnType # NIL THEN
					meta.CheckTypeDeclaration(returnType)
				END;
				parameter := procedureType.firstParameter;
				WHILE parameter # NIL DO
					meta.CheckTypeDeclaration(parameter.type); (* we have to re-export a type, i.e. it has to be present in the list of symbols *)
					parameter := parameter.nextParameter;
				END;
			END Signature;

			PROCEDURE CheckIntegerValue(x: SyntaxTree.Expression; VAR value: LONGINT): BOOLEAN;
			VAR result: BOOLEAN;
			BEGIN
				result := FALSE;
				IF x = SyntaxTree.invalidExpression THEN
				ELSIF (x.resolved # NIL) & (x.resolved IS SyntaxTree.IntegerValue) THEN
					result := TRUE;
					value := x.resolved(SyntaxTree.IntegerValue).value;
				ELSE
					Error(x.position,"expression is not an integer constant");
				END;
				RETURN result;
			END CheckIntegerValue;

			PROCEDURE HasValue(modifiers: SyntaxTree.Modifier; CONST name: ARRAY OF CHAR; VAR value: LONGINT): BOOLEAN;
			VAR this: SyntaxTree.Modifier; id: SyntaxTree.Identifier;
			BEGIN
				this := modifiers; id := SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier(name);
				WHILE (this # NIL) & (this.identifier # id) DO
					this := this.nextModifier;
				END;
				IF this # NIL THEN
					IF this.expression = NIL THEN
						Error(this.position,"expected expression value");
					ELSIF CheckIntegerValue(this.expression,value) THEN
					END;
					RETURN TRUE
				ELSE RETURN FALSE
				END;
			END HasValue;

		BEGIN
			(*
			IF Trace & (dump # NIL) THEN dump.String("DeclarationVisitor:Procedure"); dump.Ln END;
			*)
			(* code section for this procedure *)
			scope := x.procedureScope;
			prevScope := currentScope;
			currentScope := scope;
			procedureType := x.type(SyntaxTree.ProcedureType);

			implementationVisitor.GetCodeSectionNameForSymbol(x, name);
			IF (scope.body # NIL) & (x.isInline) THEN
				inline := TRUE;
				ir := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind,Sections.InlineCodeSection, TRUE, name,x,dump);
			ELSIF (x.scope # NIL) & (x.scope IS SyntaxTree.CellScope) & (x.scope(SyntaxTree.CellScope).ownerCell.isCellNet)
				OR (x.scope # NIL) & (x.scope IS SyntaxTree.ModuleScope) & (x.scope(SyntaxTree.ModuleScope).ownerModule.isCellNet) THEN
					(* assembly *)
				RETURN
			ELSIF x = module.module.moduleScope.bodyProcedure THEN
				inline := FALSE;
				AddBodyCallStub(x);
				ir := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind,Sections.BodyCodeSection, TRUE, name,x,dump);
			ELSIF (scope.outerScope IS SyntaxTree.CellScope) & (x = scope.outerScope(SyntaxTree.CellScope).bodyProcedure) THEN
				inline := FALSE;
				actorType := scope.outerScope(SyntaxTree.CellScope).ownerCell;
				IF ~HasValue(actorType.modifiers,Global.StringDataMemorySize,stackSize) THEN stackSize := ActiveCells.defaultDataMemorySize END;
				AddBodyCallStub(x);
				AddStackAllocation(x,stackSize);
				ir := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind,Sections.BodyCodeSection, TRUE, name,x,dump);
			ELSIF (scope.outerScope IS SyntaxTree.CellScope) & (x.isConstructor) THEN
				inline := FALSE;
				Parameters(procedureType.firstParameter);
				ir := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind,Sections.CodeSection, TRUE, name,x,dump);
			ELSE
				inline := FALSE;
				ir := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind,Sections.CodeSection, TRUE, name,x,dump);
			END;

			cc := procedureType.callingConvention;
			IF cc = SyntaxTree.CCallingConvention THEN
				parSize := 0
			ELSE
				parSize := ProcedureParametersSize(system,x);
			END;

			IF scope.body # NIL THEN
				registerNumber := 0;
				IF ~inline THEN
					pc := ir.pc;
					IF scope.lastVariable = NIL THEN
						stackSize := 0
					ELSE
						stackSize := scope.lastVariable.offsetInBits;
						IF stackSize <0 THEN stackSize := -stackSize END;
						Basic.Align(stackSize,system.AlignmentOf(system.parameterAlignment,system.byteType));  (* round up to parameter alignment *)
					END;
					(*
					ir.Emit(Nop(position)); (* placeholder for stack frame check *)
					ir.Emit(Nop(position)); (* placeholder for stack frame check (2) *)
					*)
					ir.Emit(Nop(-1)); (* placeholder for enter *)
					(*
					ir.Emit(Nop(position)); (* placeholder for fill *)
					*)

					IF procedureType.callingConvention # SyntaxTree.OberonCallingConvention THEN
						formalParameter := procedureType.lastParameter;
						WHILE (formalParameter # NIL) & (registerNumber < system.registerParameters) DO
							IF ~PassInRegister(formalParameter) THEN
								Error(formalParameter.position,"Calling convention error: cannot be passed as register");
							ELSE
								IntermediateCode.InitRegisterClass(registerClass, IntermediateCode.Parameter, SHORT(registerNumber));
								type := GetType(system, formalParameter.type);
								src := IntermediateCode.Register(type, registerClass, implementationVisitor.AcquireRegister(type, registerClass));
								IntermediateCode.InitMemory(dest,GetType(system,formalParameter.type),implementationVisitor.fp,ToMemoryUnits(system,formalParameter.offsetInBits));
								ir.Emit(Mov(-1,dest, src));
								implementationVisitor.ReleaseIntermediateOperand(src);
								INC(registerNumber);
								formalParameter := formalParameter.prevParameter;
							END;
						END;
						IF (registerNumber < system.registerParameters) & (procedureType.callingConvention # SyntaxTree.CCallingConvention) THEN
							parSize := system.registerParameters*system.addressSize
						END;
					END;
					ir.EnterValidPAF;
				END;

				implementationVisitor.tagsAvailable := procedureType.callingConvention = SyntaxTree.OberonCallingConvention;

				implementationVisitor.Body(scope.body,currentScope,ir,x = module.module.moduleScope.bodyProcedure);

				IF ~inline & ~(procedureType.noPAF) THEN
					IF scope.lastVariable # NIL THEN
						stackSize := scope.lastVariable.offsetInBits;
						IF stackSize <0 THEN stackSize := -stackSize END;
						Basic.Align(stackSize,system.AlignmentOf(system.parameterAlignment,system.byteType));  (* round up to parameter alignment *)
					END;
				END;

				IF ~inline  & ~(procedureType.noPAF) THEN
					IF ToMemoryUnits(system,stackSize) > 4*1024-256 THEN (* stack frame potentially larger than page size *) (*! get page size from backend *)
						(*! unnecessary with new implementation of ENTER -- should potentially be called by backend
						IF implementationVisitor.GetRuntimeProcedure(implementationVisitor.runtimeModuleName,"EnsureAllocatedStack",procedure,TRUE) THEN
							size := IntermediateCode.Immediate(IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.addressType),ToMemoryUnits(system,stackSize+256));
							ir.EmitAt(pc,Push(size));
							implementationVisitor.StaticCallOperand(result,procedure);
							ir.EmitAt(pc+1,Call(result.op,ProcedureParametersSize(system,procedure)));
						END;
						*)
					END;


					ir.EmitAt(pc(*+2*),Enter(x.position,cc,ToMemoryUnits(system,stackSize),registerNumber)); (*!!*)

					IF stackSize > 0 THEN
						IF (stackSize MOD system.addressSize = 0) THEN
							null := IntermediateCode.Immediate(IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.addressType),0);
							fp := IntermediateCode.Register(IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.addressType),IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,IntermediateCode.FP);
							IntermediateCode.AddOffset(fp,ToMemoryUnits(system,-system.addressSize));
							size := IntermediateCode.Immediate(IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.addressType),stackSize DIV system.addressSize);
						ELSE
							null := IntermediateCode.Immediate(int8,0);
							fp := IntermediateCode.Register(IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.addressType),IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,IntermediateCode.FP);
							IntermediateCode.AddOffset(fp,ToMemoryUnits(system,-null.type.sizeInBits));
							size := IntermediateCode.Immediate(IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.addressType),stackSize DIV null.type.sizeInBits);
						END;
						(*! should potentially be called by backend -- enter might initialize
						ir.EmitAt(pc+3,Fill(fp,null,size,TRUE));
						*)
					END;

					ir.ExitValidPAF;


					IF (procedureType.returnType = NIL) OR (scope.body.code # NIL)  THEN
						ir.Emit(Leave(x.position,cc));
						ir.Emit(Exit(x.position,parSize, procedureType.pcOffset));
					ELSE
						ir.Emit(Trap(x.position,ReturnTrap));
					END
				END;
			ELSE (* force body for procedures *)
				ir.Emit(Enter(x.position,cc,0,0));
				ir.EnterValidPAF;
				implementationVisitor.Body(scope.body,currentScope,ir,x = module.module.moduleScope.bodyProcedure);
				ir.ExitValidPAF;
				ir.Emit(Leave(x.position,cc));
				ir.Emit(Exit(x.position,parSize, procedureType.pcOffset));
			END;
			Scope(scope);
			Signature;
			IF (x IS SyntaxTree.Operator) & x(SyntaxTree.Operator).isDynamic THEN implementationVisitor.RegisterDynamicOperator(x(SyntaxTree.Operator)) END;

			currentScope := prevScope;
		END Procedure;


		PROCEDURE AddBodyCallStub(bodyProcedure: SyntaxTree.Procedure); (* code that is only necessary for static linkers *)
		VAR procedure: SyntaxTree.Procedure; procedureScope: SyntaxTree.ProcedureScope; name: Basic.PooledName;
			ir: IntermediateCode.Section; op: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		BEGIN
			ASSERT (bodyProcedure # NIL);
			procedureScope := SyntaxTree.NewProcedureScope(bodyProcedure.scope);
			procedure := SyntaxTree.NewProcedure(-1,SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier("@BodyStub"), procedureScope);
			procedure.SetScope(bodyProcedure.scope);
			procedure.SetType(SyntaxTree.NewProcedureType(-1,bodyProcedure.scope));
			procedure.SetAccess(SyntaxTree.Hidden);
			Global.GetSymbolPooledName (procedure,name);
			ir := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind,Sections.InitCodeSection, TRUE, name,procedure,dump);
			Global.GetSymbolPooledName (bodyProcedure,name);
			IntermediateCode.InitAddress(op, IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.addressType), implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind,Sections.BodyCodeSection, TRUE, name,bodyProcedure,dump) , 0);
			ir.Emit(Call(bodyProcedure.position,op, 0));
		END AddBodyCallStub;

		PROCEDURE AddStackAllocation(symbol: SyntaxTree.Symbol; initStack: LONGINT); (* code that is only necessary for static linkers *)
		VAR procedure: SyntaxTree.Procedure; procedureScope: SyntaxTree.ProcedureScope; name: Basic.PooledName;
			ir: IntermediateCode.Section; op: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		BEGIN
			Global.GetSymbolPooledName (symbol,name);
			Basic.RemoveSuffix(name);
			Basic.SuffixPooledName(name, Basic.MakeString("@StackAllocation"));
			ir := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind,Sections.InitCode2Section, TRUE, name,NIL,dump);
			IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(op,IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.addressType),initStack);
			ir.Emit(Mov(-1,implementationVisitor.sp,op));
		END AddStackAllocation;



		(** entry function to visit a complete module *)
		PROCEDURE Module(x: SyntaxTree.Module; module: Sections.Module);
		VAR
			ir: IntermediateCode.Section; op: IntermediateCode.Operand; name: Basic.PooledName; idstr: SyntaxTree.IdentifierString;
			hasDynamicOperatorDeclarations: BOOLEAN;
			operator: SyntaxTree.Operator;
			import: SyntaxTree.Import;

			PROCEDURE TypeNeedsInitialization(type: SyntaxTree.Type): BOOLEAN;
			BEGIN
				type := type.resolved;
				IF type IS SyntaxTree.RecordType THEN
					IF ScopeNeedsInitialization(type(SyntaxTree.RecordType).recordScope) THEN RETURN TRUE END;
				ELSIF (type IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType) THEN
					IF type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Static THEN
						IF TypeNeedsInitialization(type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).arrayBase) THEN RETURN TRUE END;
					END;
				ELSIF type IS SyntaxTree.MathArrayType THEN
					WITH type: SyntaxTree.MathArrayType DO
						IF type.form = SyntaxTree.Open THEN
							RETURN TRUE
						ELSIF type.form = SyntaxTree.Static THEN
							IF TypeNeedsInitialization(type.arrayBase) THEN RETURN TRUE END;
						END;
					END;
				END;
				RETURN FALSE
			END TypeNeedsInitialization;

			PROCEDURE ScopeNeedsInitialization(scope: SyntaxTree.Scope): BOOLEAN;
			VAR variable: SyntaxTree.Variable;
			BEGIN
				variable := scope.firstVariable;
				WHILE variable # NIL DO
					IF TypeNeedsInitialization(variable.type) THEN RETURN TRUE END;
					variable := variable.nextVariable;
				END;
				RETURN FALSE
			END ScopeNeedsInitialization;


		BEGIN
			ASSERT(x # NIL); ASSERT(module # NIL);
			SELF.module := module;


			(* add import names to the generated Sections.Module *)
			import := x.moduleScope.firstImport;
			WHILE import # NIL DO
				import.GetName(idstr);
				module.imports.AddName(idstr);
				import := import.nextImport
			END;

			IF ~implementationVisitor.newObjectFile & ~meta.simple THEN
				Global.GetModulePooledName(module.module,name); Basic.SuffixPooledName(name, Basic.MakeString("@moduleSelf"));
				moduleSelf := SyntaxTree.NewVariable(0,SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier("@moduleSelf"));
				moduleSelf.SetType(system.anyType);
				moduleSelf.SetScope(x.moduleScope);
				moduleSelf.SetUntraced(TRUE);
				ir := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind,Sections.ConstSection, TRUE, name,moduleSelf,dump);  ir.SetOffset(0);
				IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(op,IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.addressType),0);
				ir.Emit(Data(-1,op));
			END;

			implementationVisitor.module := module;
			implementationVisitor.moduleScope := x.moduleScope;
			implementationVisitor.moduleSelf := moduleSelf;
			meta.SetModule(module);

			IF (forceModuleBody OR implementationVisitor.newObjectFile OR ScopeNeedsInitialization(x.moduleScope)) & ~meta.simple THEN
				EnsureBodyProcedure(x.moduleScope); (* currently needed in Oberon, remove ? *)
			END;

			IF backend.profile THEN
				EnsureBodyProcedure(x.moduleScope);
				Global.GetModulePooledName(module.module,name); Basic.SuffixPooledName(name, Basic.MakeString("@ModuleId"));
				implementationVisitor.profileId := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind, Sections.VarSection, TRUE, name,NIL,dump);
				implementationVisitor.profileId.Emit(Reserve(-1,ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(system.longintType))));
				Global.GetModulePooledName(module.module,name); Basic.SuffixPooledName(name, Basic.MakeString("@InitProfiler"));
				implementationVisitor.profileInit := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind, Sections.CodeSection, TRUE, name,NIL,dump);
				implementationVisitor.profileInit.Emit(Enter(-1,0,0,0));

				Global.GetModuleName(module.module,idstr);
				implementationVisitor.ProfilerAddModule(idstr);
				implementationVisitor.numberProcedures := 0;
			END;
			implementationVisitor.profile := backend.profile;

			(* check if there is at least one dynamic operator locally defined *)
			hasDynamicOperatorDeclarations := FALSE;
			operator := x.moduleScope.firstOperator;
			WHILE operator # NIL DO
				IF operator.isDynamic THEN hasDynamicOperatorDeclarations := TRUE END;
				operator := operator.nextOperator
			END;

			(* add operator initialization code section *)
			IF hasDynamicOperatorDeclarations THEN
				EnsureBodyProcedure(x.moduleScope);
				Global.GetModulePooledName(module.module,name); Basic.SuffixPooledName(name, Basic.MakeString("@OperatorInitialization"));
				implementationVisitor.operatorInitializationCodeSection := implementationVisitor.NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind, Sections.CodeSection, TRUE, name, NIL, dump);
				implementationVisitor.operatorInitializationCodeSection.Emit(Enter(-1,0,0,0));
			END;

			Scope(x.moduleScope);

			IF hasDynamicOperatorDeclarations THEN
				implementationVisitor.operatorInitializationCodeSection.Emit(Leave(-1,0));
				implementationVisitor.operatorInitializationCodeSection.Emit(Exit(-1,0, 0));
			END;

			IF backend.profile THEN
				implementationVisitor.ProfilerPatchInit;
			END;

		END Module;

	END DeclarationVisitor;

	UsedArray*=POINTER TO ARRAY OF RECORD count: LONGINT; map: LONGINT; type: IntermediateCode.Type; class: IntermediateCode.RegisterClass END;

	RegisterUsage*=OBJECT
	VAR used: UsedArray; count: LONGINT;

		PROCEDURE &Init;
		VAR i: LONGINT;
		BEGIN
			count := 0;
			IF used = NIL THEN NEW(used,64); END;
			FOR i := 0 TO LEN(used)-1 DO used[i].count := 0 END;
		END Init;

		PROCEDURE Grow;
		VAR new: UsedArray; size,i: LONGINT;
		BEGIN
			size := LEN(used)*2;
			NEW(new,size);
			FOR i := 0 TO LEN(used)-1 DO
				new[i].count := used[i].count;
				new[i].type := used[i].type;
				new[i].map := used[i].map
			END;
			FOR i := LEN(used) TO LEN(new)-1 DO new[i].count := 0 END;
			used := new
		END Grow;

		PROCEDURE Next(type: IntermediateCode.Type; class: IntermediateCode.RegisterClass): LONGINT;
		BEGIN
			INC(count);
			IF count = LEN(used) THEN Grow END;
			used[count].type := type;
			used[count].class := class;
			used[count].map := count;
			RETURN count;
		END Next;

		PROCEDURE IncUse(register: LONGINT);
		BEGIN
			INC(used[register].count);
		END IncUse;

		PROCEDURE DecUse(register: LONGINT);
		BEGIN
			DEC(used[register].count);
		END DecUse;

		PROCEDURE Map(register: LONGINT): LONGINT;
		VAR map : LONGINT;
		BEGIN
			IF register > 0 THEN
				map := used[register].map;
				WHILE register # map DO register := map; map := used[register].map END;
			END;
			RETURN register
		END Map;

		PROCEDURE Remap(register: LONGINT; to: LONGINT);
		BEGIN
			used[register].map:= to
		END Remap;

		PROCEDURE Use(register: LONGINT): LONGINT;
		BEGIN
			IF register< LEN(used) THEN
				RETURN used[register].count
			ELSE
				RETURN 0
			END
		END Use;

	END RegisterUsage;

	RegisterEntry = POINTER TO RECORD
		prev,next: RegisterEntry;
		register: LONGINT;
		registerClass: IntermediateCode.RegisterClass;
		type: IntermediateCode.Type;
	END;

	ImplementationVisitor =OBJECT(SyntaxTree.Visitor)
	VAR
		system: Global.System;
		section: IntermediateCode.Section;
		module: Sections.Module;
		moduleScope : SyntaxTree.ModuleScope; (* shortcut for module.module.moduleScope *)
		awaitProcCounter, labelId, constId, caseId: LONGINT;

		hiddenPointerType: SyntaxTree.RecordType; (* used as hidden pointer, for example for ARRAY OF ANY *)
		delegatePointerType: SyntaxTree.RecordType; (* used for delegates, for example in ARRAY OF PROCEDURE{DELEGATE} *)

		checker: SemanticChecker.Checker;
		backend: IntermediateBackend;
		meta: MetaDataGenerator;
		position: LONGINT;
		moduleSelf: SyntaxTree.Variable;

		(* variables for hand over of variables /  temporary state *)
		currentScope: SyntaxTree.Scope;
		constantDeclaration : SyntaxTree.Symbol;
		result: Operand; (* result of the most recent expression / statement *)
		destination: IntermediateCode.Operand;

		arrayDestinationTag: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		arrayDestinationDimension:LONGINT;

		currentLoop: Label; (* variable to hand over loop exit jump list *)
		conditional: BOOLEAN;
		trueLabel, falseLabel: Label;
		locked: BOOLEAN;
		(*
		usedRegisters: Registers;
		*)
		registerUsage: RegisterUsage;
		usedRegisters: RegisterEntry;

		(* useful operands and types *)
		nil,fp,sp,true,false: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		bool,addressType,setType, sizeType: IntermediateCode.Type;

		commentPrintout: Printout.Printer;
		dump: Streams.Writer;
		tagsAvailable : BOOLEAN;
		supportedInstruction: SupportedInstructionProcedure;
		supportedImmediate: SupportedImmediateProcedure;
		inData: BOOLEAN;  (* to prevent indirect reference to data within data sections, cf. VisitIntegerValue *)
		emitLabels: BOOLEAN;
		runtimeModuleName : SyntaxTree.IdentifierString;
		newObjectFile: BOOLEAN;
		indexCounter: LONGINT;

		profile: BOOLEAN;
		profileId, profileInit: IntermediateCode.Section;
		profileInitPatchPosition: LONGINT;
		numberProcedures: LONGINT;
		procedureResultDesignator : SyntaxTree.Designator;
		operatorInitializationCodeSection: IntermediateCode.Section;
		fingerPrinter: FingerPrinter.FingerPrinter;

		PROCEDURE & Init(system: Global.System; checker: SemanticChecker.Checker; supportedInstructionProcedure: SupportedInstructionProcedure; supportedImmediateProcedure: SupportedImmediateProcedure; emitLabels: BOOLEAN; CONST runtime: SyntaxTree.IdentifierString; backend: IntermediateBackend;
			newObjectFile: BOOLEAN);
		BEGIN
			SELF.system := system;
			SELF.runtimeModuleName := runtime;

			currentScope := NIL;
			hiddenPointerType := NIL;
			delegatePointerType := NIL;

			awaitProcCounter := 0;
			labelId := 0; constId := 0; labelId := 0;
			SELF.checker := checker;
			SELF.backend := backend;
			position := Diagnostics.Invalid;
			conditional := FALSE;
			locked := FALSE;
			InitOperand(result,ModeUndefined);
			addressType := IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.addressType);
			setType := IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.setType);
			sizeType := IntermediateCode.GetType(system, system.sizeType);
			fp := IntermediateCode.Register(addressType,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,IntermediateCode.FP);
			sp := IntermediateCode.Register(addressType,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,IntermediateCode.SP);
			nil := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,0);

			IntermediateCode.InitOperand(destination);
			tagsAvailable := TRUE;
			supportedInstruction := supportedInstructionProcedure;
			supportedImmediate := supportedImmediateProcedure;
			inData := FALSE;

			SELF.emitLabels := emitLabels;
			IntermediateCode.InitOperand(arrayDestinationTag);

			bool := IntermediateCode.GetType(system,system.booleanType);
			IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(false,bool,0);
			IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(true,bool,1);

			SELF.newObjectFile := newObjectFile;
			indexCounter := 0;
			NEW(registerUsage);
			usedRegisters := NIL;
			procedureResultDesignator := NIL;
			NEW(fingerPrinter, system)
		END Init;

		PROCEDURE NewSection(list: Sections.SectionList; kind, type: SHORTINT; isDefinition: BOOLEAN; CONST name: Basic.PooledName; syntaxTreeSymbol: SyntaxTree.Symbol; dump: BOOLEAN): IntermediateCode.Section;
		VAR fp: SyntaxTree.FingerPrint;
		BEGIN
			IF (syntaxTreeSymbol # NIL) & ~((syntaxTreeSymbol IS SyntaxTree.Procedure) & (syntaxTreeSymbol(SyntaxTree.Procedure).isInline)) THEN
				fp := fingerPrinter.SymbolFP(syntaxTreeSymbol)
			END;
			RETURN IntermediateCode.NewSection(list, kind, type, isDefinition, name, syntaxTreeSymbol, dump)
		END NewSection;

		PROCEDURE AcquireRegister(CONST type: IntermediateCode.Type; class: IntermediateCode.RegisterClass): LONGINT;
		VAR new: LONGINT;
		BEGIN
			new :=  registerUsage.Next(type,class);
			UseRegister(new);
			RETURN new
		END AcquireRegister;

		PROCEDURE GetIndex(): LONGINT;
		BEGIN
			INC(indexCounter); RETURN indexCounter
		END GetIndex;
		(** get the name for the code section that represens a certain symbol
		(essentially the same as Global.GetSymbolName, apart from operators) **)
		PROCEDURE GetCodeSectionNameForSymbol(symbol: SyntaxTree.Symbol; VAR name: Basic.PooledName);
		VAR
			operatorFingerPrint: SyntaxTree.FingerPrint;
			operatorFingerPrintString,string: ARRAY 32 OF CHAR;
		BEGIN
			Global.GetSymbolPooledName(symbol, name);
			(* if the symbol is an operator, then append the fingerprint to the name *)
			IF symbol IS SyntaxTree.Operator THEN
				operatorFingerPrint := fingerPrinter.SymbolFP(symbol);
				string := "[";
				Strings.IntToHexStr(operatorFingerPrint.shallow, 8, operatorFingerPrintString);
				Strings.Append(string, operatorFingerPrintString);
				Strings.Append(string, "]");
				Basic.AppendToPooledName(name,string);
			END
		END GetCodeSectionNameForSymbol;

		PROCEDURE TraceEnter(CONST s: ARRAY OF CHAR);
		BEGIN
			IF dump # NIL THEN
				dump.String("enter "); dump.String(s); dump.Ln;
			END;
		END TraceEnter;

		PROCEDURE TraceExit(CONST s: ARRAY OF CHAR);
		BEGIN
			IF dump # NIL THEN
				dump.String("exit "); dump.String(s); dump.Ln;
			END;
		END TraceExit;


		PROCEDURE Emit(instruction: IntermediateCode.Instruction);
		VAR moduleName, procedureName: SyntaxTree.IdentifierString;

			PROCEDURE CheckRegister(VAR op: IntermediateCode.Operand);
			BEGIN
				IF op.register >0 THEN IntermediateCode.SetRegister(op,registerUsage.Map(op.register)) END;
			END CheckRegister;

		BEGIN
			CheckRegister(instruction.op1);
			CheckRegister(instruction.op2);
			CheckRegister(instruction.op3);

			IF supportedInstruction(instruction,moduleName,procedureName) THEN section.Emit(instruction)
			ELSE Emulate(instruction,moduleName,procedureName);
			END;
		END Emit;

		PROCEDURE Symbol(x: SyntaxTree.Symbol; VAR op: Operand);
		BEGIN
			position := x.position;
			x.Accept(SELF);
			op := result;
		END Symbol;

		PROCEDURE Expression(x: SyntaxTree.Expression);
		BEGIN
			position := x.position;
			constantDeclaration := NIL;
			IF (x IS SyntaxTree.SymbolDesignator) & (x(SyntaxTree.SymbolDesignator).symbol IS SyntaxTree.Constant) THEN
				constantDeclaration := x(SyntaxTree.SymbolDesignator).symbol;
			END;
			IF x.resolved # NIL THEN
				x.resolved.Accept(SELF)
			ELSE
				x.Accept(SELF)
			END;
		END Expression;

		PROCEDURE Statement(x: SyntaxTree.Statement);
		BEGIN
			position := x.position;
			IF emitLabels THEN Emit(LabelInstruction(x.position)) END;
			IF commentPrintout # NIL THEN
				commentPrintout.Statement(x);
				dump.Ln;
				(*dump.Update;*)
			END;
			x.Accept(SELF);
			CheckRegistersFree();
		END Statement;

		(* dereference op. If op is already a memory operand then use auxiliary register to dereference
			result will be registered as a new use of operand, op is not released (op must be released by caller)
		*)
		PROCEDURE MakeMemory(VAR res: IntermediateCode.Operand; op: IntermediateCode.Operand; type: IntermediateCode.Type; offset: LONGINT);
		BEGIN

			IF op.mode = IntermediateCode.ModeMemory THEN
				ReuseCopy(res,op);
			ELSE
				res := op;
				UseIntermediateOperand(res);
			END;
			IntermediateCode.AddOffset(res,offset);

			IntermediateCode.MakeMemory(res,type);
		END MakeMemory;

		PROCEDURE ToMemory(VAR res: IntermediateCode.Operand; type: IntermediateCode.Type; offset: LONGINT);
		VAR mem: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		BEGIN
			MakeMemory(mem,res,type,offset);
			ReleaseIntermediateOperand(res);
			res := mem;
		END ToMemory;

		PROCEDURE LoadValue(VAR operand: Operand; type: SyntaxTree.Type);
		VAR mem: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			firstOp, lastOp, stepOp: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			componentType: SyntaxTree.Type;
		BEGIN
			type := type.resolved;
			IF operand.mode = ModeReference THEN
				IF type IS SyntaxTree.RangeType THEN
					MakeMemory(firstOp, operand.op, IntermediateCode.GetType(system, system.longintType), 0);
					MakeMemory(lastOp, operand.op, IntermediateCode.GetType(system, system.longintType), ToMemoryUnits(system, system.SizeOf(system.longintType)));
					MakeMemory(stepOp, operand.op, IntermediateCode.GetType(system, system.longintType), 2 * ToMemoryUnits(system, system.SizeOf(system.longintType)));
					ReleaseIntermediateOperand(operand.op);
					operand.op := firstOp;
					operand.tag := lastOp;
					operand.extra := stepOp;
				ELSIF type IS SyntaxTree.ComplexType THEN
					componentType := type(SyntaxTree.ComplexType).componentType;
					ASSERT((componentType = system.realType) OR (componentType = system.longrealType));
					MakeMemory(firstOp, operand.op, IntermediateCode.GetType(system, componentType), 0);
					MakeMemory(lastOp, operand.op, IntermediateCode.GetType(system, componentType), ToMemoryUnits(system, system.SizeOf(componentType)));
					ReleaseIntermediateOperand(operand.op);
					operand.op := firstOp;
					operand.tag := lastOp
				ELSE
					MakeMemory(mem,operand.op,IntermediateCode.GetType(system,type),0);
					ReleaseIntermediateOperand(operand.op);
					operand.op := mem;
				END;
				operand.mode := ModeValue;
			END;
			ASSERT(operand.mode = ModeValue);
		END LoadValue;

		PROCEDURE Evaluate(x: SyntaxTree.Expression; VAR op: Operand);
		VAR prevConditional: BOOLEAN;
		BEGIN
			prevConditional := conditional;
			conditional := FALSE;
			Expression(x);
			op := result;
			LoadValue(op,x.type.resolved);
			conditional := prevConditional;
		END Evaluate;

		PROCEDURE Designate(x: SyntaxTree.Expression; VAR op: Operand);
		VAR prevConditional: BOOLEAN;
		BEGIN
			prevConditional := conditional;
			conditional := FALSE;
			Expression(x);
			op := result;
		(*
			ASSERT((op.mode = ModeReference) OR (x.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.NilType)); (* special case: winapi NIL parameter on references *)
		*)
			conditional := prevConditional;
		END Designate;

		PROCEDURE Condition(x: SyntaxTree.Expression; trueL,falseL: Label);
		VAR prevTrue, prevFalse: Label; prevConditional: BOOLEAN;
		BEGIN
			ASSERT(trueL # NIL); ASSERT(falseL # NIL);
			prevTrue := trueLabel; prevFalse := falseLabel; prevConditional := conditional;
			conditional := TRUE;
			trueLabel := trueL; falseLabel := falseL;
			Expression(x);
			trueL := trueLabel; falseL := falseLabel;
			trueLabel := prevTrue;falseLabel := prevFalse;conditional := prevConditional;
		END Condition;

		PROCEDURE NewRegisterOperand(type: IntermediateCode.Type): IntermediateCode.Operand;
		VAR op: IntermediateCode.Operand; reg: LONGINT;
		BEGIN
			reg := AcquireRegister(type,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister);
			IntermediateCode.InitRegister(op, type, IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,reg);
			RETURN op
		END NewRegisterOperand;

		PROCEDURE UnuseRegister(register: LONGINT);
		BEGIN
			IF (register > 0) THEN
				registerUsage.DecUse(register);
				IF TraceRegisterUsage & (dump# NIL) THEN
					dump.String("unuse register "); dump.Int(register,1); dump.String(": ");dump.Int(registerUsage.Use(register),1); dump.Ln; dump.Update;
				END;
				IF registerUsage.Use(register)=0 THEN RemoveRegisterEntry(usedRegisters,register) END;
			END;
		END UnuseRegister;

		PROCEDURE UseRegister(register: LONGINT);
		BEGIN
			IF (register > 0) THEN
				registerUsage.IncUse(register);
				IF TraceRegisterUsage & (dump# NIL) THEN
					dump.String("use register "); dump.Int(register,1); dump.String(": ");dump.Int(registerUsage.Use(register),1); dump.Ln; dump.Update;
				END;
				IF registerUsage.Use(register)=1 THEN
					AddRegisterEntry(usedRegisters,register, registerUsage.used[register].class, registerUsage.used[register].type) END;
			END;
		END UseRegister;

		PROCEDURE ReleaseIntermediateOperand(CONST op: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		BEGIN
			UnuseRegister(op.register)
		END ReleaseIntermediateOperand;

		PROCEDURE UseIntermediateOperand(CONST op: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		BEGIN
			UseRegister(op.register)
		END UseIntermediateOperand;

		PROCEDURE ReleaseOperand(CONST op: Operand);
		BEGIN
			UnuseRegister(op.op.register);
			UnuseRegister(op.tag.register);
			UnuseRegister(op.extra.register);
		END ReleaseOperand;

		(* save registers marked in array "markedRegisters" to the stack
			remove entries from array "markedRegisters" and save to array "saved" (=> recursion possible)
		*)
		PROCEDURE SaveRegisters();
		VAR op: IntermediateCode.Operand; entry: RegisterEntry; type: IntermediateCode.Type;
		BEGIN
			entry := usedRegisters;
			WHILE entry # NIL DO
				type := registerUsage.used[entry.register].type;
				IntermediateCode.InitRegister(op,entry.type,entry.registerClass, entry.register);
				Emit(Push(position,op));
				entry := entry.next;
			END;
		END SaveRegisters;

		PROCEDURE ReleaseUsedRegisters(VAR saved: RegisterEntry);
		BEGIN
			saved := usedRegisters;
			usedRegisters := NIL;
		END ReleaseUsedRegisters;

		(** remove parameter registers from used queue *)
		PROCEDURE ReleaseParameterRegisters;
		VAR op: IntermediateCode.Operand; entry,prev,next: RegisterEntry;
		BEGIN
			entry := usedRegisters; prev := NIL; usedRegisters := NIL;
			WHILE entry # NIL DO
				next := entry.next;
				IF entry.registerClass.class = IntermediateCode.Parameter THEN
					registerUsage.DecUse(entry.register);
					ASSERT(registerUsage.Use(entry.register)=0);
					IF TraceRegisterUsage & (dump# NIL) THEN
						dump.String("unuse register "); dump.Int(entry.register,1); dump.Ln; dump.Update;
					END;
				ELSIF prev = NIL THEN
					usedRegisters := entry; entry.prev := NIL; entry.next := NIL; prev := entry;
				ELSE
					prev.next := entry; entry.prev := prev; entry.next := NIL; prev:= entry;
				END;
				entry := next;
			END;
		END ReleaseParameterRegisters;

		(* restore registers from array saved and re-enter into array markedRegisters (recursion possible) *)
		PROCEDURE RestoreRegisters(CONST saved: RegisterEntry);
		VAR op: IntermediateCode.Operand; entry,prev: RegisterEntry; type: IntermediateCode.Type; class: IntermediateCode.RegisterClass;
		BEGIN
			entry := saved;
			WHILE (entry # NIL) DO prev := entry; entry := entry.next END;
			entry := prev;
			WHILE entry # NIL DO
				prev := entry.prev;
				type := entry.type;
				class := entry.registerClass;
				IntermediateCode.InitRegister(op,type,class,entry.register);
				registerUsage.Remap(entry.register,registerUsage.Next(type,class));
				Emit(Pop(position,op));
				AddRegisterEntry(usedRegisters,entry.register,entry.registerClass, entry.type);
				entry := prev;
			END;
			(*
			usedRegisters := saved;
			*)
		END RestoreRegisters;

		PROCEDURE CheckRegistersFree;
		VAR r: RegisterEntry;
		BEGIN
			IF usedRegisters # NIL THEN
				r := usedRegisters;
				WHILE r # NIL DO
					Error(r.register,"not released register");
					r := r .next;
				END;
				Error(position,"register not released");
			END;
		END CheckRegistersFree;


		(* Reuse2: reuse src1 or src2 for ongoing computation if src1 or src2, respectively, is a register.
			Otherwise allocate a new register.
			Does NOT necessarily keep the content of src1 or src2 in result! *)
		PROCEDURE Reuse2(VAR result: IntermediateCode.Operand; src1,src2: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		BEGIN
			IF ReusableRegister(src1) THEN IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result,src1.type,src1.registerClass, src1.register);
				UseIntermediateOperand(result);
			ELSIF ReusableRegister(src2) THEN IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result,src2.type,src2.registerClass, src2.register);
				UseIntermediateOperand(result);
			ELSE IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result,src1.type,src1.registerClass,AcquireRegister(src1.type, src1.registerClass));
			END;
		END Reuse2;

		(* Reuse2a: reuse src1 or src2 for ongoing computation if src1 or src2, respectively, is a register.
			Otherwise check if an alternative destination is available. If so, then take the alternative (which is not necessarily a register).
			If not then allocate a new register.
			Does NOT necessarily keep the content of src1 or src2 in result!
		*)
		PROCEDURE Reuse2a(VAR result: IntermediateCode.Operand; src1,src2: IntermediateCode.Operand; VAR alternative: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		BEGIN
			IF ReusableRegister(src1) THEN IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result,src1.type,src1.registerClass, src1.register);
				UseIntermediateOperand(result);
			ELSIF ReusableRegister(src2) THEN IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result,src2.type,src2.registerClass, src2.register);
				UseIntermediateOperand(result);
			ELSIF alternative.mode # IntermediateCode.Undefined THEN
				result := alternative; alternative := emptyOperand;
				UseIntermediateOperand(result);
			ELSE IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result,src1.type,src1.registerClass, AcquireRegister(src1.type, src1.registerClass));
			END;
		END Reuse2a;

		(* like reuse2 but only one source *)
		PROCEDURE Reuse1(VAR result: IntermediateCode.Operand; src1: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		BEGIN
			IF ReusableRegister(src1) THEN IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result,src1.type,src1.registerClass, src1.register);
				UseIntermediateOperand(result);
			ELSE IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result,src1.type,src1.registerClass, AcquireRegister(src1.type, src1.registerClass));
			END;
		END Reuse1;

		(* like reuse2a but only one source *)
		PROCEDURE Reuse1a(VAR result: IntermediateCode.Operand; src1: IntermediateCode.Operand; VAR alternative: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		BEGIN
			IF ReusableRegister(src1) THEN IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result,src1.type,src1.registerClass, src1.register);
				UseIntermediateOperand(result);
			ELSIF alternative.mode # IntermediateCode.Undefined THEN result := alternative; alternative := emptyOperand;
				UseIntermediateOperand(result);
			ELSE IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result,src1.type,src1.registerClass, AcquireRegister(src1.type, src1.registerClass));
			END;
		END Reuse1a;

		(* like reuse1 but guarantees that content of src1 is in result *)
		PROCEDURE ReuseCopy(VAR result: IntermediateCode.Operand; src1: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		BEGIN
			IF ReusableRegister(src1) THEN
				IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result,src1.type,src1.registerClass, src1.register);
				IF (src1.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeRegister) OR (src1.offset # 0) THEN
					Emit(Mov(position,result,src1));
				END;
				UseIntermediateOperand(result);
			ELSE
				IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result,src1.type,src1.registerClass, AcquireRegister(src1.type, src1.registerClass));
				Emit(Mov(position,result,src1));
			END
		END ReuseCopy;

		(** labels and branches **)
		PROCEDURE NewLabel(): Label;
		VAR label: Label;
		BEGIN
			NEW(label,section); RETURN label;
		END NewLabel;

		PROCEDURE SetLabel(label: Label);
		BEGIN label.Resolve(section.pc);
		END SetLabel;

		PROCEDURE LabelOperand(label: Label): IntermediateCode.Operand;
		BEGIN
			ASSERT(label # NIL);
			IF label.pc < 0 THEN (* label not yet set *)
				label.AddFixup(section.pc);
			END;
			RETURN IntermediateCode.Address(addressType,label.section,label.pc);
		END LabelOperand;

		PROCEDURE BrL(label: Label);
		BEGIN
			Emit(Br(position,LabelOperand(label)));
		END BrL;

		PROCEDURE BrgeL(label: Label; left,right: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		BEGIN
			Emit(Brge(position,LabelOperand(label),left,right));
		END BrgeL;

		PROCEDURE BrltL(label: Label; left,right: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		BEGIN
			Emit(Brlt(position,LabelOperand(label),left,right));
		END BrltL;

		PROCEDURE BreqL(label: Label; left,right: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		BEGIN
			Emit(Breq(position,LabelOperand(label),left,right));
		END BreqL;

		PROCEDURE BrneL(label: Label; left,right: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		BEGIN
			Emit(Brne(position,LabelOperand(label),left,right));
		END BrneL;

		PROCEDURE Convert(VAR operand: IntermediateCode.Operand; type: IntermediateCode.Type);
		VAR new: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		BEGIN
			IF IntermediateCode.TypeEquals(type,operand.type) THEN (* nothing to be done *)
			ELSIF (operand.mode = IntermediateCode.ModeRegister) THEN
				IF (type.sizeInBits = operand.type.sizeInBits) & (type.form IN IntermediateCode.Integer) & (operand.type.form IN IntermediateCode.Integer)
					& (operand.offset = 0)
				THEN
					IntermediateCode.InitRegister(new,type,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,operand.register);
					Emit(Conv(position,new,operand));
				ELSE
					IntermediateCode.InitRegister(new,type,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,AcquireRegister(type,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
					Emit(Conv(position,new,operand));
					ReleaseIntermediateOperand(operand);
				END;
				operand := new;
			ELSIF (operand.mode = IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate) & (operand.symbol = NIL) & (operand.type.sizeInBits <= type.sizeInBits) & (operand.type.form IN IntermediateCode.Integer) & (type.form IN IntermediateCode.Integer) THEN
				IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(operand,type,operand.intValue);
			ELSE
				IntermediateCode.InitRegister(new,type,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,AcquireRegister(type,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
				Emit(Conv(position,new,operand));
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(operand);
				operand := new;
			END;
		END Convert;

		PROCEDURE TrapC(br: ConditionalBranch; left,right:IntermediateCode.Operand; trapNo: LONGINT);
		VAR exit: Label;
		BEGIN
			Assert((left.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate) OR (right.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate),"trap emission with two immediates");
			exit := NewLabel();
			br(exit,left,right);
			Emit(Trap(position,trapNo));
			SetLabel(exit);
		END TrapC;

		(** expressions *)

		(** emit necessary runtime check for set elements **)
		PROCEDURE CheckSetElement(o: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		VAR max: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		BEGIN
			IF backend.noRuntimeChecks THEN RETURN END;
			IF o.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate THEN (* otherwise it's the job of the checker *)
				IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(max, setType, setType.sizeInBits (* number of bits in set *) -1);
				TrapC(BrgeL, max, o, SetElementTrap);
			END;
		END CheckSetElement;

		(** the set that a range represents **)
		PROCEDURE SetFromRange(x: SyntaxTree.RangeExpression): IntermediateCode.Operand;
		VAR
			operand: Operand;
			resultingSet, temp, size, allBits, noBits, one: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		BEGIN
			ASSERT((x.first # NIL) & (x.last # NIL)); (* ensured by the checker *)

			allBits := IntermediateCode.Immediate(setType, -1);  (* bit mask 111...11111 *)
			noBits := IntermediateCode.Immediate(setType, 0);  (* bit mask 0...0 *)
			one := IntermediateCode.Immediate(setType, 1);

			Evaluate(x, operand);

			Convert(operand.op, setType);
			Convert(operand.tag, setType);

			CheckSetElement(operand.op);
			CheckSetElement(operand.tag);

			(* create mask for lower bound
				i.e. shift 11111111 to the left by the value of the lower bound
			*)
			Reuse1(temp, operand.op);
			Emit(Shl(position,temp, allBits, operand.op));
			ReleaseIntermediateOperand(operand.op);
			operand.op := temp;

			(* create mask for upper bound
				i.e. shift 11111111 to the right by the difference between the
				upper bound and the maximum number of set elements
			*)
			IF (operand.tag.mode = IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate) & (operand.tag.symbol = NIL) THEN
				IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(operand.tag, operand.tag.type, operand.op.type.sizeInBits - 1- operand.tag.intValue);
				Reuse1(temp, operand.tag);
			ELSE
				Reuse1(temp, operand.tag);
				IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(size, operand.tag.type, operand.op.type.sizeInBits - 1);
				Emit(Sub(position,temp, size, operand.tag));
			END;
			Emit(Shr(position,temp, allBits, operand.tag));
			ReleaseIntermediateOperand(operand.tag);
			operand.tag := temp;

			Reuse2(resultingSet, operand.op, operand.tag);

			(* intersect the two masks *)
			Emit(And(position,resultingSet, operand.op, operand.tag));

			ReleaseOperand(operand);

			RETURN resultingSet
		END SetFromRange;

		PROCEDURE VisitSet(x: SyntaxTree.Set);
		VAR
			res, operand: Operand;
			temp, one, noBits, dest: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			expression: SyntaxTree.Expression;
			i: LONGINT;

		BEGIN
			IF Trace THEN TraceEnter("VisitSet") END;

			dest := destination;
			destination := emptyOperand;

			noBits := IntermediateCode.Immediate(setType, 0);
			one := IntermediateCode.Immediate(setType, 1);

			(* start off with the empty set *)
			InitOperand(res, ModeValue);
			IntermediateCode.InitRegister(res.op, setType, IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister, AcquireRegister(setType, IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
			Emit(Mov(position,res.op, noBits));

			FOR i := 0 TO x.elements.Length() - 1 DO
				expression := x.elements.GetExpression(i);

				IF expression IS SyntaxTree.RangeExpression THEN
					(* range of set elements *)
					temp := SetFromRange(expression(SyntaxTree.RangeExpression));
					ASSERT(IntermediateCode.TypeEquals(setType, temp.type));
					Emit(Or(position,res.op, res.op, temp)); (* unify subset with current set *)
					ReleaseIntermediateOperand(temp)
				ELSE
					(* singelton element *)
					Evaluate(expression, operand);
					Convert(operand.op, setType);
					CheckSetElement(operand.op);

					(* create subset containing single element *)
					Reuse1(temp, operand.op);
					Emit(Shl(position,temp, one, operand.op));
					ReleaseOperand(operand);

					Emit(Or(position,res.op, res.op, temp)); (* unify subset with current set *)
					ReleaseIntermediateOperand(temp);
				END
			END;

			result := res;
			destination := dest;

			IF Trace THEN TraceExit("VisitSet") END;
		END VisitSet;

		PROCEDURE VisitMathArrayExpression(x: SyntaxTree.MathArrayExpression);
		VAR variable: SyntaxTree.Variable; index: SyntaxTree.IndexDesignator; dim: LONGINT;
			designator: SyntaxTree.Designator; i: LONGINT; element: SyntaxTree.IntegerValue;

			PROCEDURE RecursiveAssignment(x: SyntaxTree.MathArrayExpression; dim: LONGINT);
			VAR numberElements,i: LONGINT; expression: SyntaxTree.Expression;
				element: SyntaxTree.IntegerValue;
			BEGIN
				numberElements := x.elements.Length();
				expression := index.parameters.GetExpression(dim);
				element := expression(SyntaxTree.IntegerValue);
				FOR i := 0 TO numberElements-1 DO
					expression := x.elements.GetExpression(i);
					element.SetValue(i);
					IF expression IS SyntaxTree.MathArrayExpression THEN
						RecursiveAssignment(expression(SyntaxTree.MathArrayExpression),dim+1);
					ELSE
						Assign(index,expression);
					END;
				END;
			END RecursiveAssignment;

		BEGIN
			variable := GetTemporaryVariable(x.type);
			designator := SyntaxTree.NewSymbolDesignator(-1,NIL,variable);
			designator.SetType(variable.type);
			dim := SemanticChecker.Dimension(x.type,{SyntaxTree.Static});
			index := SyntaxTree.NewIndexDesignator(x.position,designator);
			FOR i := 0 TO dim-1 DO
				element := SyntaxTree.NewIntegerValue(x.position,0);
				element.SetType(system.longintType);
				index.parameters.AddExpression(element);
			END;
			index.SetType(SemanticChecker.ArrayBase(x.type,dim));
			RecursiveAssignment(x,0);
			Expression(designator);
		END VisitMathArrayExpression;


		PROCEDURE VisitUnaryExpression(x: SyntaxTree.UnaryExpression);
		VAR type: SyntaxTree.Type; operand: Operand; dest: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		BEGIN
			IF Trace THEN TraceEnter("VisitUnaryExpression") END;
			dest := destination; destination := emptyOperand;
			IF x.operator = Scanner.Not THEN
				IF conditional THEN
					Condition(x.left,falseLabel,trueLabel)
				ELSE
					Evaluate(x.left,operand);
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse1a(result.op,operand.op,dest);
					Emit(Xor(position,result.op,operand.op,true));
					ReleaseOperand(operand);
				END;
			ELSIF x.operator = Scanner.Minus THEN
				Evaluate(x.left,operand);
				InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
				Reuse1a(result.op,operand.op,dest);
				type := x.left.type.resolved;
				IF type IS SyntaxTree.SetType THEN
					Emit(Not(position,result.op,operand.op));
				ELSIF (type IS SyntaxTree.ComplexType) THEN
					Reuse1(result.tag,operand.tag);
					Emit(Neg(position,result.op,operand.op)); (* real part *)
					Emit(Neg(position,result.tag,operand.tag)) (* imaginary part *)
				ELSIF (type IS SyntaxTree.NumberType) OR (type IS SyntaxTree.SizeType) OR (type IS SyntaxTree.AddressType) THEN
					Emit(Neg(position,result.op,operand.op));
				ELSE HALT(200)
				END;
				ReleaseOperand(operand);
			ELSE HALT(100)
			END;
			destination := dest;
			IF Trace THEN TraceExit("VisitUnaryExpression") END;
		END VisitUnaryExpression;

		(* test if e is of type type, side effect: result of evaluation of e stays in the operand *)
		PROCEDURE TypeTest(tag: IntermediateCode.Operand; type: SyntaxTree.Type; trueL,falseL: Label);
		VAR left,right: IntermediateCode.Operand; level,offset: LONGINT;
		BEGIN
			type := type.resolved;
			IF type IS SyntaxTree.PointerType THEN
				type := type(SyntaxTree.PointerType).pointerBase.resolved;
			END;
			IF type IS SyntaxTree.ObjectType THEN
				BrL(trueL);
			ELSE

				ASSERT(type IS SyntaxTree.RecordType);

				level := type(SyntaxTree.RecordType).Level();
				(* get type desc tag of level relative to base tag *)
				offset := (meta.BaseTypesTableOffset - level) * addressType.sizeInBits;
				(*
				IntermediateCode.MakeMemory(tag,addressType); (*! already done during generation *)
				*)
				ReuseCopy(left,tag);
				IntermediateCode.AddOffset(left,ToMemoryUnits(system,offset));
				right := TypeDescriptorAdr(type);
				IntermediateCode.MakeMemory(left,addressType);
				IF ~newObjectFile THEN
					IntermediateCode.MakeMemory(right,addressType);
				END;
				BreqL(trueL,left,right);
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(left); ReleaseIntermediateOperand(right);
				BrL(falseL);
			END;
		END TypeTest;

		PROCEDURE Error(position: LONGINT; CONST s: ARRAY OF CHAR);
		BEGIN
			backend.Error(module.module.sourceName,position,Diagnostics.Invalid,s);
			IF dump # NIL THEN
				dump.String(s); dump.Ln;
			END;
		END Error;

		PROCEDURE AddImport(CONST moduleName: ARRAY OF CHAR; VAR module: SyntaxTree.Module; force: BOOLEAN): BOOLEAN;
		VAR import: SyntaxTree.Import;
			s: Basic.MessageString;
			selfName: SyntaxTree.IdentifierString;
		BEGIN
			moduleScope.ownerModule.GetName(selfName);
			IF (moduleName = selfName) & (moduleScope.ownerModule.context = Global.A2Name) THEN
				module := moduleScope.ownerModule
			ELSE
				import := moduleScope.ImportByModuleName(SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier(moduleName),SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier("A2"));
				IF import = NIL THEN
					import := SyntaxTree.NewImport(-1,SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier(moduleName),SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier(moduleName),TRUE);

					import.SetContext(SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier("A2"));
					IF ~checker.AddImport(moduleScope.ownerModule,import) THEN
						IF force THEN
							s := "Module ";
							Strings.Append(s,moduleName);
							Strings.Append(s," cannot be imported.");
							Error(position,s);
						(* ELSE import could not be resolved, is (allowed) upcall. For low level modules. *)
						END;
						RETURN FALSE
					ELSE
						SELF.module.imports.AddName(moduleName)
					END;
				ELSIF import.module = NIL THEN (* already tried *)
					RETURN FALSE
				END;
				module := import.module;
			END;
			RETURN TRUE
		END AddImport;

		PROCEDURE Emulate(CONST x: IntermediateCode.Instruction; CONST moduleName,procedureName: SyntaxTree.IdentifierString);
		(*! this emulation procedure emulates instructions with destination operand only *)
		VAR
			machine: SyntaxTree.Module;
			procedure: SyntaxTree.Procedure;
			saved: RegisterEntry;
			s: Basic.MessageString;
			prevResult: Operand;
		BEGIN
			IF AddImport(moduleName,machine,TRUE) THEN
				(*IF x.op1.register > 0 THEN
					registers.Unuse(x.op1.register); (* avoid push on acquired but not yet set destination register *)
				END;*)
				IF x.op1.register >0 THEN RemoveRegisterEntry(usedRegisters,x.op1.register) END;
				procedure := machine.moduleScope.FindProcedure(SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier(procedureName));
				IF procedure = NIL THEN
					s := "Instruction not supported on target, emulation procedure ";
					Strings.Append(s,moduleName);
					Strings.Append(s,".");
					Strings.Append(s,procedureName);
					Strings.Append(s," not present");
					Error(position,s);
				ELSE
					prevResult := result;
					StaticCallOperand(result,procedure);
					SaveRegisters();
					IF x.op2.mode # IntermediateCode.Undefined THEN
						Emit(Push(position,x.op2));
					END;
					IF x.op3.mode # IntermediateCode.Undefined THEN
						Emit(Push(position,x.op3));
					END;
					ReleaseUsedRegisters(saved);
					Emit(Call(position,result.op,ProcedureParametersSize(system,procedure)));
					(*IF x.op1.register > 0 THEN
						registers.Use(x.op1.register); (* avoid push on acquired but not yet set destination register *)
					END;*)
					Emit(Result(position,x.op1));
					result := prevResult;
					RestoreRegisters(saved);
					IF x.op1.register >0 THEN AddRegisterEntry(usedRegisters,x.op1.register, x.op1.registerClass, x.op1.type) END;
				END;
				(*
				AcquireThisRegister(x.op1.type,IntermediateCode.Result);
				RestoreRegisters(saved);
				IF x.op1.register > 0 THEN
					IF usedRegisters[x.op1.register].count = 0 THEN
						AcquireThisRegister(usedRegisters[x.op1.register].type,x.op1.register)
					ELSE
						UseRegister(x.op1.register);
					END;
				END;
				IntermediateCode.InitRegister(reg,x.op1.type,IntermediateCode.Result);
				Emit(Mov(position,x.op1,reg));
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(reg);
				*)
			END;
		END Emulate;

		PROCEDURE SysCall(nr: LONGINT);
		VAR op: IntermediateCode.Operand; section: IntermediateCode.Section; pooledName: Basic.PooledName;
		BEGIN
			Basic.InitPooledName(pooledName);
			pooledName[0] := systemCalls[nr].name;
			section := NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.SystemCallKind,Sections.CodeSection, FALSE, pooledName,systemCalls[nr],commentPrintout # NIL); (* NOTE: by default no definition *)
			section.SetEntryNumber(nr);
			IntermediateCode.InitAddress(op,addressType,section,0);
			Emit(Call(position,op,0)); (*! replace 0 by par size for other architectures ! *)
		END SysCall;

		PROCEDURE ConditionToValue(x: SyntaxTree.Expression);
		VAR exit: Label; trueL,falseL: Label;
		BEGIN
			trueL := NewLabel();
			falseL := NewLabel();
			exit := NewLabel();
			Condition(x,trueL,falseL);
			InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
			SetLabel(trueL);
			IntermediateCode.InitRegister(result.op,IntermediateCode.GetType(system,x.type),IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,AcquireRegister(IntermediateCode.GetType(system,x.type),IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
			Emit(Mov(position,result.op,true));
			BrL(exit);
			SetLabel(falseL);
			Emit(MovReplace(position,result.op,false));
			SetLabel(exit);
		END ConditionToValue;

		PROCEDURE ValueToCondition(VAR op: Operand);
		BEGIN
			LoadValue(op,system.booleanType);
			BrneL(trueLabel,op.op, false);
			ReleaseOperand(op);
			BrL(falseLabel);
		END ValueToCondition;

		PROCEDURE GetDynamicSize(type: SyntaxTree.Type; tag: IntermediateCode.Operand):IntermediateCode.Operand;
		VAR size: LONGINT;
			PROCEDURE GetArraySize(type: SyntaxTree.ArrayType; offset: LONGINT):IntermediateCode.Operand;
			VAR baseType: SyntaxTree.Type; size: LONGINT; sizeOperand,len,res: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			BEGIN
				ASSERT(type.form = SyntaxTree.Open);
				baseType := type.arrayBase.resolved;
				IF IsOpenArray(baseType) THEN
					sizeOperand := GetArraySize(baseType(SyntaxTree.ArrayType),offset+system.addressSize);
				ELSE
					size := ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(baseType));
					sizeOperand :=  IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,size);
				END;
				len := tag;
				IntermediateCode.AddOffset(len,ToMemoryUnits(system,offset));
				IntermediateCode.MakeMemory(len,addressType);
				UseIntermediateOperand(len);
				Reuse2(res,sizeOperand,len);
				Emit(Mul(position,res,sizeOperand,len));
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(sizeOperand); ReleaseIntermediateOperand(len);
				RETURN res
			END GetArraySize;

		BEGIN
			type := type.resolved;
			IF IsOpenArray(type)  THEN
				IF tag.mode = IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate THEN (* special rule for winapi/c  arrays *)
					RETURN tag
				ELSE
					RETURN  GetArraySize(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.ArrayType),0)
				END;
			ELSE
				size := ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(type));
				RETURN IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,size)
			END;
		END GetDynamicSize;

		(*
		to find imported symbol. not needed ?
		PROCEDURE SymbolByName(CONST moduleName, symbolName: ARRAY OF CHAR): SyntaxTree.Symbol;
		VAR importedModule: SyntaxTree.Module; symbol: SyntaxTree.Symbol;
		BEGIN
			IF AddImport(moduleName,importedModule,FALSE) THEN
				symbol := importedModule.moduleScope.FindSymbol(SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier(symbolName));
				RETURN symbol
			ELSE
				RETURN NIL
			END
		END SymbolByName;
		*)

		PROCEDURE GetRuntimeProcedure(CONST moduleName, procedureName: ARRAY OF CHAR; VAR procedure: SyntaxTree.Procedure; force: BOOLEAN): BOOLEAN;
		VAR runtimeModule: SyntaxTree.Module; s: Basic.MessageString;
		BEGIN
			IF AddImport(moduleName,runtimeModule,force) THEN
				procedure := runtimeModule.moduleScope.FindProcedure(SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier(procedureName));
				IF procedure = NIL THEN
					s := "Procedure ";
					Strings.Append(s,moduleName);
					Strings.Append(s,".");
					Strings.Append(s,procedureName);
					Strings.Append(s," not present");
					Error(position,s);
					RETURN FALSE
				ELSE
					RETURN TRUE
				END;
			ELSE RETURN FALSE
			END;
		END GetRuntimeProcedure;

		PROCEDURE GetTypeDescriptor(CONST moduleName, typeName: ARRAY OF CHAR): IntermediateCode.Section;
		VAR importedModule: SyntaxTree.Module; source: IntermediateCode.Section; symbol: SyntaxTree.Symbol; pooledName: Basic.PooledName;
			s: Basic.MessageString;
		BEGIN
			Basic.InitPooledName(pooledName);
			pooledName[0] := Basic.MakeString(moduleName);
			pooledName[1] := Basic.MakeString(typeName);

			IF AddImport(moduleName,importedModule, FALSE) THEN
				symbol := importedModule.moduleScope.FindTypeDeclaration(SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier(typeName));
				IF symbol = NIL THEN
					s := "type  ";
					Strings.Append(s,moduleName);
					Strings.Append(s,".");
					Strings.Append(s,typeName);
					Strings.Append(s," not present");
					Error(position,s);
				END;
			ELSE symbol := NIL;
			END;
			IF importedModule = moduleScope.ownerModule THEN
				source := NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.RegularKind, Sections.ConstSection, TRUE, pooledName, symbol, commentPrintout # NIL);
			ELSE
				source := NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.ImportedSymbolKind, Sections.ConstSection, FALSE, pooledName, symbol, commentPrintout # NIL);
			END;
			RETURN source
		END GetTypeDescriptor;


		PROCEDURE CallThis(CONST moduleName, procedureName: ARRAY OF CHAR);
		VAR procedure: SyntaxTree.Procedure; result: Operand; reg: IntermediateCode.Operand; source: IntermediateCode.Section;
			pooledName: Basic.PooledName;
		BEGIN
			IF GetRuntimeProcedure(moduleName,procedureName,procedure,FALSE) THEN (* ready for dynamic linking *)
				StaticCallOperand(result,procedure);
				Emit(Call(position,result.op,ProcedureParametersSize(system,procedure)));
				ReleaseOperand(result);
			ELSE (* only static linking possible *)
				Basic.InitPooledName(pooledName);
				pooledName[0] := Basic.MakeString(moduleName);
				pooledName[1] := Basic.MakeString(procedureName);
				source := NewSection(module.allSections, Sections.UnknownKind, Sections.CodeSection, FALSE, pooledName, NIL,commentPrintout # NIL);
				IntermediateCode.InitAddress(reg, addressType, source , 0);
				Emit(Call(position,reg, 0));
			END;
		END CallThis;
		(* call moduleName.procedureName if it can be imported, otherwise use altModuleName.altProcedureName  *)
		PROCEDURE CallThis2(CONST moduleName, procedureName,altModuleName, altProcedureName: ARRAY OF CHAR; return: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		VAR procedure: SyntaxTree.Procedure; result: Operand; address: IntermediateCode.Operand; source: IntermediateCode.Section;
			pooledName: Basic.PooledName;
		BEGIN
			IF GetRuntimeProcedure(moduleName,procedureName,procedure,FALSE) THEN (* ready for dynamic linking *)
				StaticCallOperand(result,procedure);
				Emit(Call(position,result.op,ProcedureParametersSize(system,procedure)));
				Emit(Result(position,return));
				ReleaseOperand(result);
			ELSE (* only static linking possible *)
				Basic.InitPooledName(pooledName);
				pooledName[0] := Basic.MakeString(altModuleName);
				pooledName[1] := Basic.MakeString(altProcedureName);
				source := NewSection(module.allSections,  Sections.UnknownKind, Sections.CodeSection, FALSE, pooledName, NIL,commentPrintout # NIL);
				IntermediateCode.InitAddress(address, addressType, source , 0);
				Emit(Call(position,address, 0));

				Emit(Result(position,return));
			END;
		END CallThis2;

		PROCEDURE CompareString(br: ConditionalBranch; leftExpression,rightExpression: SyntaxTree.Expression);
		VAR
			left,right: Operand;
			leftSize, rightSize: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			procedure: SyntaxTree.Procedure;
			saved: RegisterEntry;
			reg: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			procedureName: SyntaxTree.IdentifierString;
		BEGIN
			procedureName := "CompareString";

			IF GetRuntimeProcedure(runtimeModuleName,procedureName,procedure,TRUE) THEN
				SaveRegisters();ReleaseUsedRegisters(saved);
				Designate(leftExpression,left);
				leftSize := GetDynamicSize(leftExpression.type,left.tag);
				Emit(Push(position,leftSize));
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(leftSize);
				Emit(Push(position,left.op));
				ReleaseOperand(left);

				Designate(rightExpression,right);
				rightSize := GetDynamicSize(rightExpression.type,right.tag);
				Emit(Push(position,rightSize));
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(rightSize);
				Emit(Push(position,right.op));
				ReleaseOperand(right);

				StaticCallOperand(result,procedure);
				IntermediateCode.InitRegister(reg,int8,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,AcquireRegister(int8,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
				Emit(Call(position,result.op,ProcedureParametersSize(system,procedure)));
				Emit(Result(position,reg));
				ReleaseOperand(result);
				(*
				AcquireThisRegister(int8,IntermediateCode.Result);
				*)
				RestoreRegisters(saved); (* must be done before use of result, might be jumped over otherwise *)
				(*
				IntermediateCode.InitRegister(reg,int8,IntermediateCode.Result);
				*)
				br(trueLabel,reg,IntermediateCode.Immediate(int8,0));
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(reg);
				BrL(falseLabel);
			END;
		END CompareString;

		PROCEDURE CopyString(leftExpression,rightExpression: SyntaxTree.Expression);
		VAR
			left,right: Operand;
			leftSize, rightSize: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			procedure: SyntaxTree.Procedure;
			saved: RegisterEntry;
			procedureName: SyntaxTree.IdentifierString;
		BEGIN
			procedureName := "CopyString";

			IF GetRuntimeProcedure(runtimeModuleName,procedureName,procedure,TRUE) THEN
				SaveRegisters();ReleaseUsedRegisters(saved);
				Designate(leftExpression,left);
				leftSize := GetDynamicSize(leftExpression.type,left.tag);
				Emit(Push(position,leftSize));
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(leftSize);
				Emit(Push(position,left.op));
				ReleaseOperand(left);

				Designate(rightExpression,right);
				rightSize := GetDynamicSize(rightExpression.type,right.tag);
				Emit(Push(position,rightSize));
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(rightSize);
				Emit(Push(position,right.op));
				ReleaseOperand(right);

				StaticCallOperand(result,procedure);
				Emit(Call(position,result.op,ProcedureParametersSize(system,procedure)));
				ReleaseOperand(result);
				RestoreRegisters(saved);
			END;
		END CopyString;

		PROCEDURE VisitBinaryExpression(x: SyntaxTree.BinaryExpression);
		VAR left,right: Operand; temp: Operand;  zero, one, tempReg, tempReg2: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			leftType,rightType: SyntaxTree.Type;
			leftExpression,rightExpression : SyntaxTree.Expression;
			componentType: IntermediateCode.Type;
			value: HUGEINT; exp: LONGINT;next,exit: Label; recordType: SyntaxTree.RecordType; dest: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		BEGIN
			IF Trace THEN TraceEnter("VisitBinaryExpression") END;
			dest := destination; destination := emptyOperand;
			leftType := x.left.type.resolved;
			rightType := x.right.type.resolved;
			(* for "OR" and "&" the left and right expressions may not be emitted first <= shortcut evaluation *)
			CASE x.operator OF
			Scanner.Or:
				(* shortcut evaluation of left OR right *)
				IF ~conditional THEN ConditionToValue(x);
				ELSE
					next := NewLabel();
					Condition(x.left,trueLabel,next);
					SetLabel(next);
					Condition(x.right,trueLabel,falseLabel);
				END;
			|Scanner.And:
				(* shortcut evaluation of left & right *)
				IF ~conditional THEN ConditionToValue(x);
				ELSE
					next := NewLabel();
					Condition(x.left,next,falseLabel);
					SetLabel(next);
					Condition(x.right,trueLabel,falseLabel);
				END;
			|Scanner.Is:
				IF ~conditional THEN ConditionToValue(x);
				ELSE
					(* get type desc tag *)
					IF IsPointerToRecord(leftType,recordType) THEN
						Evaluate(x.left,left);
						Dereference(left,recordType)
					ELSE
						Designate(x.left,left);
					END;
					TypeTest(left.tag,x.right(SyntaxTree.SymbolDesignator).symbol(SyntaxTree.TypeDeclaration).declaredType.resolved,trueLabel,falseLabel);
					ReleaseOperand(left);
				END;
			|Scanner.Plus:
				Evaluate(x.left,left);
				Evaluate(x.right,right);
				IF leftType IS SyntaxTree.SetType THEN
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse2a(result.op,left.op,right.op,dest);
					Emit(Or(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
				ELSIF leftType IS SyntaxTree.ComplexType THEN
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse2a(result.op,left.op,right.op,dest); (* TODO: review this *)
					Reuse2(result.tag,left.tag,right.tag);
					Emit(Add(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
					Emit(Add(position,result.tag,left.tag,right.tag))
				ELSE
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse2a(result.op,left.op,right.op,dest);
					Emit(Add(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
				END;
				ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
			|Scanner.Minus:
				Evaluate(x.left,left);
				Evaluate(x.right,right);
				IF leftType IS SyntaxTree.SetType THEN
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse1(result.op,right.op);
					Emit(Not(position,result.op,right.op));
					ReleaseOperand(right);
					Emit(And(position,result.op,result.op,left.op));
					ReleaseOperand(left);
				ELSIF leftType IS SyntaxTree.ComplexType THEN
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse2a(result.op,left.op,right.op,dest); (* TODO: review this *)
					Reuse2(result.tag,left.tag,right.tag);
					Emit(Sub(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
					Emit(Sub(position,result.tag,left.tag,right.tag));
					ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right)
				ELSE
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse2a(result.op,left.op,right.op,dest);
					Emit(Sub(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
					ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
				END;
			|Scanner.Times:
				Evaluate(x.left,left);
				Evaluate(x.right,right);
				IF leftType IS SyntaxTree.SetType THEN
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse2a(result.op,left.op,right.op,dest);
					Emit(And(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
				ELSIF (x.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.IntegerType) & IsIntegerConstant(x.right,value) & PowerOf2(value,exp) THEN
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse1a(result.op,left.op,dest);
					IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(right.op,IntermediateCode.GetType(system, system.longintType),exp);
					Emit(Shl(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
				ELSIF leftType IS SyntaxTree.ComplexType THEN
					InitOperand(result, ModeValue);
					componentType := left.op.type;
					(* TODO: review this *)
					(*
					result.op = left.op * right.op - left.tag * right.tag
					result.tag = left.tag * right.op + left.op * right.tag
					*)
					result.op := IntermediateCode.Register(componentType, IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,AcquireRegister(componentType,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
					Emit(Mul(position,result.op, left.op, right.op));
					tempReg := IntermediateCode.Register(componentType, IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,AcquireRegister(componentType,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
					Emit(Mul(position,tempReg, left.tag, right.tag));
					Emit(Sub(position,result.op, result.op, tempReg));

					Reuse2(result.tag, left.tag, right.op);
					Emit(Mul(position,result.tag, left.tag, right.op));
					Emit(Mul(position,tempReg, left.op, right.tag));
					Emit(Add(position,result.tag, result.tag, tempReg));

					ReleaseIntermediateOperand(tempReg)
				ELSE
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse2a(result.op,left.op,right.op,dest);
					Emit(Mul(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
				END;
				ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
			|Scanner.Div:
				Evaluate(x.left,left);
				Evaluate(x.right,right);
				IF (x.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.IntegerType) & IsIntegerConstant(x.right,value) & PowerOf2(value,exp) THEN
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse1a(result.op,left.op,dest);
					IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(right.op,IntermediateCode.GetType(system, system.longintType),exp);
					Emit(Shr(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
				ELSE
					IF (x.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.IntegerType) & (x.right.resolved = NIL) THEN (* divisor negative check *)
						IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(zero,IntermediateCode.GetType(system,rightType),0);
						IF ~backend.noRuntimeChecks THEN
							exit := NewLabel();
							BrltL(exit,zero,right.op);
							Emit(Trap(position,NegativeDivisorTrap));
							SetLabel(exit);
						END;
					END;
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse2a(result.op,left.op,right.op,dest);
					Emit(Div(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
				END;
				ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
			|Scanner.Mod:
				Evaluate(x.left,left);
				Evaluate(x.right,right);
				IF (x.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.IntegerType) & IsIntegerConstant(x.right,value) & PowerOf2(value,exp) THEN
					IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(right.op,IntermediateCode.GetType(system,x.type),value-1);
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse1a(result.op,left.op,dest);
					Emit(And(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
				ELSE
					IF (x.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.IntegerType) & (x.right.resolved = NIL) THEN (* divisor negative check *)
						IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(zero,IntermediateCode.GetType(system,rightType),0);
						IF ~backend.noRuntimeChecks THEN
							exit := NewLabel();
							BrltL(exit,zero,right.op);
							Emit(Trap(position,NegativeDivisorTrap));
							SetLabel(exit);
						END;
					END;
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse2a(result.op,left.op,right.op,dest);
					Emit(Mod(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
				END;
				ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
			|Scanner.Slash:
				Evaluate(x.left,left);
				Evaluate(x.right,right);
				IF leftType IS SyntaxTree.SetType THEN
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse2a(result.op,left.op,right.op,dest);
					Emit(Xor(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
				ELSIF leftType IS SyntaxTree.ComplexType THEN
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					componentType := left.op.type;
					(* review this *)
					(*
					divisor = right.op * right.op + right.tag * right.tag
					result.op = (left.op * right.op + left.tag * right.tag) / divisor
					result.tag = (left.tag * right.op - left.op * right.tag) / divisor
					*)
					tempReg := IntermediateCode.Register(componentType, IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,AcquireRegister(componentType,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
					tempReg2 := IntermediateCode.Register(componentType, IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,AcquireRegister(componentType,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
					Emit(Mul(position,tempReg, right.op, right.op));
					Emit(Mul(position,tempReg2, right.tag, right.tag));
					Emit(Add(position,tempReg, tempReg, tempReg2));

					result.op := tempReg2;
					Emit(Mul(position,result.op, left.op, right.op));
					tempReg2 := IntermediateCode.Register(componentType, IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister, AcquireRegister(componentType,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
					Emit(Mul(position,tempReg2, left.tag, right.tag));
					Emit(Add(position,result.op, result.op, tempReg2));
					Emit(Div(position,result.op, result.op, tempReg));

					Reuse2(result.tag, left.tag, right.op);
					Emit(Mul(position,result.tag, left.tag, right.op));
					Emit(Mul(position,tempReg2, left.op, right.tag));
					Emit(Sub(position,result.tag, result.tag, tempReg2));
					Emit(Div(position,result.tag, result.tag, tempReg));

					ReleaseIntermediateOperand(tempReg);
					ReleaseIntermediateOperand(tempReg2)
				ELSE
					InitOperand(result,ModeValue);
					Reuse2a(result.op,left.op,right.op,dest);
					Emit(Div(position,result.op,left.op,right.op));
				END;
				ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
			|Scanner.Equal:
				IF ~conditional THEN ConditionToValue(x);
				ELSIF (leftType IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType) OR (leftType IS SyntaxTree.StringType) THEN (* string comparison *)
					CompareString(BreqL,x.left,x.right);
				ELSE
					Evaluate(x.left,left);
					Evaluate(x.right,right);
					IF leftType IS SyntaxTree.RangeType THEN
						ASSERT(rightType IS SyntaxTree.RangeType);
						BrneL(falseLabel, left.op, right.op); (* first *)
						BrneL(falseLabel, left.tag, right.tag); (* last *)
						BrneL(falseLabel, left.extra, right.extra); (* step *)
						ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
						BrL(trueLabel)
					ELSIF leftType IS SyntaxTree.ComplexType THEN
						(* TODO: review this *)
						BrneL(falseLabel, left.op, right.op); (* real part *)
						BrneL(falseLabel, left.tag, right.tag); (* imaginary part *)
						ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
						BrL(trueLabel)
					ELSE
						BrneL(falseLabel,left.op,right.op); (* inverse evaluation to optimize jumps for true case *)
						ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
						BrL(trueLabel);
					END;
				END;
			|Scanner.LessEqual:
				IF ~conditional THEN ConditionToValue(x);
				ELSIF (leftType IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType) OR (leftType IS SyntaxTree.StringType) THEN (* string comparison *)
					CompareString(BrgeL,x.right,x.left);
				ELSE
					Evaluate(x.left,left);
					Evaluate(x.right,right);
					IF leftType IS SyntaxTree.SetType THEN (* left subsetequal right: left \cap right = left  *)
						Reuse1(temp.op,right.op);
						Emit(And(position,temp.op,left.op,right.op));
						ReleaseOperand(right);
						BreqL(trueLabel,temp.op,left.op);
						BrL(falseLabel);
						ReleaseOperand(temp);ReleaseOperand(left);
					ELSE
						BrltL(falseLabel,right.op,left.op); (* inverse evaluation to optimize jumps for true case *)
						ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
						BrL(trueLabel);
					END;
				END;
			|Scanner.Less:
				IF leftType IS SyntaxTree.SetType THEN (* left < right <=> left <= right & left # right *)
					leftExpression := SyntaxTree.NewBinaryExpression(-1,x.left,x.right,Scanner.LessEqual);
					leftExpression.SetType(system.booleanType);
					rightExpression := SyntaxTree.NewBinaryExpression(-1,x.left,x.right,Scanner.Unequal);
					rightExpression.SetType(system.booleanType);
					leftExpression := SyntaxTree.NewBinaryExpression(-1,leftExpression,rightExpression,Scanner.And);
					leftExpression.SetType(system.booleanType);
					Expression(leftExpression);
				ELSIF ~conditional THEN ConditionToValue(x);
				ELSIF (leftType IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType) OR (leftType IS SyntaxTree.StringType) THEN (* string comparison *)
					CompareString(BrltL,x.left,x.right);
				ELSE
					Evaluate(x.left,left);
					Evaluate(x.right,right);
					BrgeL(falseLabel,left.op,right.op); (* inverse evaluation to optimize jumps for true case *)
					ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
					BrL(trueLabel);
				END;
			|Scanner.Greater:
				IF leftType IS SyntaxTree.SetType THEN (* left > right <=> left >= right & left # right  *)
					leftExpression := SyntaxTree.NewBinaryExpression(-1,x.left,x.right,Scanner.GreaterEqual);
					leftExpression.SetType(system.booleanType);
					rightExpression := SyntaxTree.NewBinaryExpression(-1,x.left,x.right,Scanner.Unequal);
					rightExpression.SetType(system.booleanType);
					leftExpression := SyntaxTree.NewBinaryExpression(-1,leftExpression,rightExpression,Scanner.And);
					leftExpression.SetType(system.booleanType);
					Expression(leftExpression);
				ELSIF ~conditional THEN ConditionToValue(x);
				ELSIF (leftType IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType) OR (leftType IS SyntaxTree.StringType) THEN (* string comparison *)
					CompareString(BrltL,x.right,x.left);
				ELSE
					Evaluate(x.left,left);
					Evaluate(x.right,right);
					BrgeL(falseLabel, right.op,left.op); (* inverse evaluation to optimize jumps for true case *)
					ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
					BrL(trueLabel);
				END;
			|Scanner.GreaterEqual:
				IF ~conditional THEN ConditionToValue(x);
				ELSIF (leftType IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType) OR (leftType IS SyntaxTree.StringType) THEN (* string comparison *)
					CompareString(BrgeL,x.left,x.right);
				ELSE
					Evaluate(x.left,left);
					Evaluate(x.right,right);
					IF leftType IS SyntaxTree.SetType THEN (* left supsetequal right: left \cap right = right *)
						Reuse1(temp.op,left.op);
						Emit(And(position,temp.op,left.op,right.op));
						ReleaseOperand(left);
						BreqL(trueLabel, temp.op,right.op);
						ReleaseOperand(temp); ReleaseOperand(right);
						BrL(falseLabel);
					ELSE
						BrltL(falseLabel, left.op,right.op); (* inverse evaluation to optimize jumps for true case *)
						ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
						BrL(trueLabel);
					END;
				END;
			|Scanner.Unequal:
				IF ~conditional THEN ConditionToValue(x);
				ELSIF (leftType IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType) OR (leftType IS SyntaxTree.StringType) THEN (* string comparison *)
					CompareString(BrneL,x.left,x.right);
				ELSE
					Evaluate(x.left,left);
					Evaluate(x.right,right);
					IF leftType IS SyntaxTree.RangeType THEN
						ASSERT(rightType IS SyntaxTree.RangeType);
						BrneL(trueLabel, left.op, right.op); (* first *)
						BrneL(trueLabel, left.tag, right.tag); (* last *)
						BrneL(trueLabel, left.extra, right.extra); (* step *)
						ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
						BrL(falseLabel)
					ELSIF leftType IS SyntaxTree.ComplexType THEN
						(* TODO: review this *)
						BrneL(trueLabel, left.op, right.op); (* real part *)
						BrneL(trueLabel, left.tag, right.tag); (* imaginary part *)
						ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
						BrL(falseLabel)
					ELSE
						BreqL(falseLabel,left.op,right.op); (* inverse evaluation to optimize jumps for true case *)
						ReleaseOperand(left); ReleaseOperand(right);
						BrL(trueLabel);
					END;
				END;
			|Scanner.In:
				ASSERT(rightType.resolved IS SyntaxTree.SetType);
				Evaluate(x.left,left);
				Evaluate(x.right,right);
				Convert(left.op,setType);
				ReuseCopy(temp.op,right.op);
				Emit(Shr(position,temp.op,temp.op,left.op));
				ReleaseOperand(right); ReleaseOperand(left);
				IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(one,setType,1);
				Emit(And(position,temp.op,temp.op,one));
				IF conditional THEN
					IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(zero,setType,0);
					BrneL(trueLabel,temp.op,zero);
					ReleaseOperand(temp);
					BrL(falseLabel);
				ELSE
					Convert(temp.op,bool);
					result.mode := ModeValue;
					result.op := temp.op;
				END;
			ELSE
				HALT(100);
			END;
			destination := dest;
			IF Trace THEN TraceExit("VisitBinaryExpression") END;
		END VisitBinaryExpression;

		PROCEDURE VisitRangeExpression(x: SyntaxTree.RangeExpression);
		VAR localResult, operand: Operand;
		BEGIN
			IF Trace THEN TraceEnter("VisitRangeExpression") END;

			InitOperand(localResult, ModeValue);

			ASSERT(x.first # NIL);
			Evaluate(x.first, operand);
			localResult.op := operand.op;
			ReleaseOperand(operand);
			UseIntermediateOperand(localResult.op);

			ASSERT(x.last # NIL);
			Evaluate(x.last, operand);
			localResult.tag := operand.op;
			ReleaseOperand(operand);
			UseIntermediateOperand(localResult.tag);

			IF x.step # NIL THEN
				Evaluate(x.step, operand);
				localResult.extra := operand.op;
				ReleaseOperand(operand);
				UseIntermediateOperand(localResult.extra);
			END;

			result := localResult;

			IF Trace THEN TraceExit("VisitRangeExpression") END
		END VisitRangeExpression;

		PROCEDURE VisitTensorRangeExpression*(x: SyntaxTree.TensorRangeExpression);
		BEGIN
			HALT(100); (* should never be evaluated *)
		END VisitTensorRangeExpression;

		PROCEDURE VisitConversion(x: SyntaxTree.Conversion);
		VAR old: Operand; dest: IntermediateCode.Operand; componentType: SyntaxTree.Type;
		BEGIN
			IF Trace THEN TraceEnter("VisitConversion") END;

			ASSERT(~(x.expression.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.RangeType));

			dest := destination; destination := emptyOperand;
			Evaluate(x.expression,old);
			InitOperand(result,ModeValue);

			result.op := old.op;
			ASSERT(result.op.mode # 0);
			IF x.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.ComplexType THEN
				(* convert TO a complex number *)
				componentType := x.type.resolved(SyntaxTree.ComplexType).componentType;
				Convert(result.op,IntermediateCode.GetType(system, componentType));
				ASSERT(result.op.mode # 0);
				IF x.expression.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.ComplexType THEN
					(* convert FROM a complex number TO a complex number*)
					result.tag := old.tag;
					ASSERT(result.tag.mode # 0);
					Convert(result.tag,IntermediateCode.GetType(system, componentType));
					ASSERT(result.tag.mode # 0)
				ELSE
					ASSERT(componentType IS SyntaxTree.FloatType); (* this excludes complex types based on integer types *)
					result.tag := IntermediateCode.FloatImmediate(IntermediateCode.GetType(system, componentType), 0); (* the imaginary part is set to 0 *)
				END
			ELSE
				Convert(result.op,IntermediateCode.GetType(system,x.type));
				ASSERT(result.op.mode # 0);

				result.tag := old.tag; (*! probably never used *)
			END;

			destination := dest;
			IF Trace THEN TraceExit("VisitConversion") END;
		END VisitConversion;

		PROCEDURE VisitTypeDeclaration(x: SyntaxTree.TypeDeclaration);
		BEGIN
			IF Trace THEN TraceEnter("VisitTypeDeclaration") END;
			ASSERT((x.declaredType.resolved IS SyntaxTree.EnumerationType) OR (x.declaredType.resolved IS SyntaxTree.RecordType)
			OR (x.declaredType.resolved IS SyntaxTree.PointerType) & (x.declaredType.resolved(SyntaxTree.PointerType).pointerBase.resolved IS SyntaxTree.RecordType));
			IF Trace THEN TraceExit("VisitTypeDeclaration") END;
		END VisitTypeDeclaration;

		(** designators (expressions) *)

		PROCEDURE VisitSymbolDesignator(x: SyntaxTree.SymbolDesignator);
		BEGIN
			IF Trace THEN TraceEnter("VisitSymbolDesignator") END;
			IF x.left # NIL THEN Expression(x.left) END;
			Symbol(x.symbol,result);
			IF Trace THEN TraceExit("VisitSymbolDesignator") END;
		END VisitSymbolDesignator;

		PROCEDURE BoundCheck(index,length: IntermediateCode.Operand);
		BEGIN
			IF backend.noRuntimeChecks THEN RETURN END;
			IF tagsAvailable THEN
				TrapC(BrltL,index,length,IndexCheckTrap);
			END;
		END BoundCheck;

		PROCEDURE DimensionCheck(base,dim: IntermediateCode.Operand; op: ConditionalBranch );
		VAR d: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		BEGIN
			IF backend.noRuntimeChecks THEN RETURN END;
			MakeMemory(d,base,dim.type,ToMemoryUnits(system,MathDimOffset * addressType.sizeInBits));
			TrapC(op,dim,d,ArraySizeTrap);
			ReleaseIntermediateOperand(d);
		END DimensionCheck;

		PROCEDURE MathIndexDesignator(x: SyntaxTree.IndexDesignator);
		VAR
			index, range, array, sourceLength, sourceIncrement, localResult: Operand;
			firstIndex, lastIndex, stepSize, summand, targetLength, targetIncrement, tmp, srcDim, destDim: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			expression: SyntaxTree.Expression;
			resultingType, leftType, baseType: SyntaxTree.Type;
			skipLabel1, skipLabel2: Label;
			i, indexListSize, indexDim, rangeCount, indexCount, srcDimOffset, destDimOffset, targetArrayDimensionality: LONGINT;
			staticSourceLength, staticSourceIncrement, staticIndex, staticFirstIndex, staticLastIndex, staticStepSize, staticTargetLength: LONGINT;
			variableOp: Operand;
			variable: SyntaxTree.Variable;
			hasTensorRange: BOOLEAN;
		BEGIN
			ASSERT(tagsAvailable);

			resultingType := x.type.resolved; (* resulting type *)
			leftType := x.left.type.resolved; (* type of array to be indexed over *)

			InitOperand(localResult, ModeReference);

			IF resultingType IS SyntaxTree.MathArrayType THEN
				targetArrayDimensionality := resultingType(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).Dimensionality();

				IF arrayDestinationTag.mode # IntermediateCode.Undefined THEN
					(* a globally defined array destination tag is available -> use and invalidate it*)
					localResult.tag := arrayDestinationTag;
					IntermediateCode.InitOperand(arrayDestinationTag)
				ELSE
					(* otherwise, create a temporary variable and use it to store the array destination tag *)
					variable := GetTemporaryVariable(GetMathArrayDescriptorType(targetArrayDimensionality));
					Symbol(variable, variableOp);
					ReuseCopy(localResult.tag, variableOp.op);
					ReleaseOperand(variableOp);
				END
			END;

			indexListSize := x.parameters.Length();

			(* count the number of ranges in the index list *)
			rangeCount := 0; hasTensorRange := FALSE; indexCount := 0;
			FOR i := 0 TO indexListSize - 1 DO
				expression := x.parameters.GetExpression(i);
				IF expression IS SyntaxTree.TensorRangeExpression THEN hasTensorRange := TRUE
				ELSIF (expression.type # NIL) & (expression.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.RangeType) THEN INC(rangeCount)
				ELSE INC(indexCount)
				END
			END;

			(* designate the array  to be indexed over *)
			Designate(x.left, array);

			IF leftType(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Tensor THEN
				Dereference(array, leftType);
				IF ~hasTensorRange THEN
					DimensionCheck(array.tag, IntermediateCode.Immediate(int32, rangeCount+indexCount), BreqL)
				END
			END;


			(* determine source and destination dimension offsets; this depends on if the list starts with a '?' *)
			IF x.parameters.GetExpression(0) IS SyntaxTree.TensorRangeExpression THEN
				srcDimOffset := -indexListSize;
				destDimOffset := -rangeCount
			ELSE
				srcDimOffset := 0;
				destDimOffset := 0
			END;

			indexDim := 0;

			(* use address of source array as basis *)
			ReuseCopy(localResult.op, array.op);
			(* Convert(localResult.op, addressType); *)

			(* go through the index list *)
			FOR i := 0 TO indexListSize - 1 DO
				expression := x.parameters.GetExpression(i);

				IF expression IS SyntaxTree.TensorRangeExpression THEN
					(* nothing to do *)
				ELSE
					(* determine which dimension of source array is currently looked at *)
					IF srcDimOffset < 0 THEN
						GetMathArrayField(tmp, array.tag, MathDimOffset);
						ReuseCopy(srcDim, tmp);
						ReleaseIntermediateOperand(tmp);
						Emit(Add(position,srcDim, srcDim, IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType, i + srcDimOffset)))
					ELSE
						srcDim := IntermediateCode.Immediate(int32, i)
					END;

					(* get length and increment of source array for current dimension *)
					GetMathArrayLength(leftType(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType), array, srcDim, FALSE, sourceLength);
					Convert(sourceLength.op, sizeType);
					GetMathArrayIncrement(leftType(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType), array, srcDim, FALSE, sourceIncrement);
					Convert(sourceIncrement.op, sizeType);
					ReleaseIntermediateOperand(srcDim);

					IF SemanticChecker.IsIntegerType(expression.type.resolved) THEN
						(* SINGLE INDEX *)
						Evaluate(expression, index);
						Convert(index.op, sizeType);

						(* lower bound check *)
						IF IsIntegerImmediate(index.op, staticIndex) THEN
							ASSERT(staticIndex >= 0) (* ensured by the checker *)
						ELSIF backend.noRuntimeChecks THEN (* do nothing *)
						ELSE
							TrapC(BrgeL, index.op, IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, 0), IndexCheckTrap)
						END;

						(* upper bound check *)
						IF IsIntegerImmediate(index.op, staticIndex) & IsIntegerImmediate(sourceLength.op, staticSourceLength) THEN
							ASSERT(staticIndex < staticSourceLength)
						ELSIF backend.noRuntimeChecks THEN (* do nothing *)
						ELSE
							TrapC(BrltL, index.op, sourceLength.op, IndexCheckTrap)
						END;

						ReleaseOperand(sourceLength);
						Convert(index.op, addressType);
						ReuseCopy(summand, index.op);
						ReleaseOperand(index)

					ELSIF expression.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.RangeType THEN
						(* RANGE OF INDICES *)
						Evaluate(expression, range);
						firstIndex := range.op; UseIntermediateOperand(firstIndex);
						lastIndex := range.tag; UseIntermediateOperand(lastIndex);
						stepSize := range.extra; UseIntermediateOperand(stepSize);
						ReleaseOperand(range);

						Convert(firstIndex, sizeType);
						Convert(lastIndex, sizeType);
						Convert(stepSize, sizeType);

						(* for dynamic upper bounds: add a runtime check, which repaces the upper bound with the largest valid index
						if it is 'MAX(LONGINT)' *)
						IF ~IsIntegerImmediate(lastIndex, staticLastIndex) THEN
							tmp := lastIndex;
							ReuseCopy(lastIndex, tmp);
							ReleaseIntermediateOperand(tmp);
							skipLabel1 := NewLabel();
							BrneL(skipLabel1, lastIndex, IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, MAX(LONGINT)));
							Emit(MovReplace(position,lastIndex, sourceLength.op)); (* make sure that no new register is allocated *)
							Emit(Sub(position,lastIndex, lastIndex, IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, 1)));
							SetLabel(skipLabel1)
						END;

						(* check if step size is valid *)
						IF IsIntegerImmediate(stepSize, staticStepSize) THEN
							ASSERT(staticStepSize >= 1) (* ensured by the checker *)
						ELSIF backend.noRuntimeChecks THEN (* do nothing *)
						ELSE
							TrapC(BrgeL, stepSize, IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, 1), IndexCheckTrap)
						END;

						(* check lower bound check *)
						IF IsIntegerImmediate(firstIndex, staticFirstIndex) THEN
							ASSERT(staticFirstIndex >= 0) (* ensured by the checker *)
						ELSIF backend.noRuntimeChecks THEN (* do nothing *)
						ELSE
							TrapC(BrgeL, firstIndex, IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, 0), IndexCheckTrap)
						END;

						(* check upper bound check *)
						IF IsIntegerImmediate(lastIndex, staticLastIndex) & (staticLastIndex = MAX(LONGINT)) THEN
							(* statically open range: nothing to do *)
						ELSIF IsIntegerImmediate(lastIndex, staticLastIndex) & IsIntegerImmediate(sourceLength.op, staticSourceLength) THEN
							ASSERT(staticLastIndex < staticSourceLength)
						ELSIF backend.noRuntimeChecks THEN (* do nothing *)
						ELSE
							TrapC(BrltL, lastIndex, sourceLength.op, IndexCheckTrap)
						END;

						(* determine length of target array for current dimension *)
						(* 1. incorporate last index: *)
						IF IsIntegerImmediate(lastIndex, staticLastIndex) THEN
							(* last index is static *)
							IF IsIntegerImmediate(lastIndex, staticLastIndex) & (staticLastIndex = MAX(LONGINT)) THEN
								targetLength := sourceLength.op
							ELSE
								targetLength := IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, staticLastIndex + 1)
							END;
							UseIntermediateOperand(targetLength);
						ELSE
							(* targetLength := lastIndex + 1 *)
							Reuse1(targetLength, lastIndex);
							Emit(Add(position,targetLength, lastIndex, IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, 1)));
						END;
						ReleaseOperand(sourceLength);
						ReleaseIntermediateOperand(lastIndex);
						(* 2. incorporate first index: *)
						IF IsIntegerImmediate(firstIndex, staticFirstIndex) & IsIntegerImmediate(targetLength, staticTargetLength) THEN
							(* first index and current target length are static *)
							targetLength := IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, staticTargetLength - staticFirstIndex)
						ELSIF IsIntegerImmediate(firstIndex, staticFirstIndex) & (staticFirstIndex = 0) THEN
							(* first index = 0: nothing to do *)
						ELSE
							(* targetLength := targetLength - firstIndex *)
							ReleaseIntermediateOperand(targetLength);
							ReuseCopy(targetLength, targetLength);
							Emit(Sub(position,targetLength, targetLength, firstIndex))
						END;

						(* clip negative lengths to 0 *)
						IF IsIntegerImmediate(targetLength, staticTargetLength) THEN
							IF staticTargetLength < 0 THEN
								targetLength := IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, 0)
							END
						ELSE
							skipLabel1 := NewLabel();
							BrgeL(skipLabel1, targetLength, IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, 0));
							Emit(Mov(position,targetLength, IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, 0)));
							SetLabel(skipLabel1)
						END;

						(* 3. incorporate index step size: *)
						IF IsIntegerImmediate(stepSize, staticStepSize) & IsIntegerImmediate(targetLength, staticTargetLength) THEN
							(* step size and current target length are static *)
							IF staticTargetLength MOD staticStepSize = 0 THEN
								staticTargetLength := staticTargetLength DIV staticStepSize
							ELSE
								staticTargetLength := 1 + staticTargetLength DIV staticStepSize
							END;
							targetLength := IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, staticTargetLength)
						ELSIF IsIntegerImmediate(stepSize, staticStepSize) & (staticStepSize = 1) THEN
							(* step size = 1: nothing to do *)
						ELSE
							(* emit code for this:
							tmp := targetLength MOD stepSize;
							IF tmp = 0 THEN
								targetLength := targetLength DIV stepSize
							ELSE
								targetLength := targetLength DIV stepSize;
								targetLength := targetLength + 1
							END
							*)
							skipLabel1 := NewLabel();
							skipLabel2 := NewLabel();
							tmp := 	IntermediateCode.Register(sizeType, IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,AcquireRegister(sizeType,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
							Emit(Mod(position,tmp, targetLength, stepSize));
							BrneL(skipLabel1, tmp, IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, 0));
							ReleaseIntermediateOperand(targetLength);
							ReuseCopy(targetLength, targetLength);
							Emit(Div(position,targetLength, targetLength, stepSize));
							BrL(skipLabel2);
							SetLabel(skipLabel1);
							Emit(Div(position,targetLength, targetLength, stepSize));
							Emit(Add(position,targetLength, targetLength, IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, 1)));
							SetLabel(skipLabel2);
							ReleaseIntermediateOperand(tmp);
						END;

						(* determine increment of target array for current dimension *)
						IF IsIntegerImmediate(sourceIncrement.op, staticSourceIncrement) & IsIntegerImmediate(stepSize, staticStepSize) THEN
							targetIncrement := IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, staticSourceIncrement * staticStepSize);
							UseIntermediateOperand(targetIncrement) (* actually not needed *)
						ELSIF IsIntegerImmediate(stepSize, staticStepSize) & (staticStepSize = 1) THEN
							(* step size = 1 *)
							targetIncrement := sourceIncrement.op;
							UseIntermediateOperand(targetIncrement)
						ELSE
							(* targetIncrement := sourceIncrement * stepSize *)
							Reuse1(targetIncrement, stepSize);
							ASSERT((sourceIncrement.op.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate) OR (stepSize.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate));
							Emit(Mul(position,targetIncrement, sourceIncrement.op, stepSize))
						END;
						ReleaseIntermediateOperand(stepSize);

						(* write length and increment of target array to descriptor *)
						IF destDimOffset < 0 THEN
							(* determine which dimension of target array is currently looked at *)
							GetMathArrayField(tmp, array.tag, MathDimOffset);
							ReuseCopy(destDim, tmp);
							ReleaseIntermediateOperand(tmp);
							Emit(Add(position,destDim, destDim, IntermediateCode.Immediate(sizeType, indexDim + destDimOffset)));

							PutMathArrayLenOrIncr(localResult.tag, targetLength, destDim, FALSE);
							PutMathArrayLenOrIncr(localResult.tag, targetIncrement, destDim, TRUE);

							ReleaseIntermediateOperand(destDim)
						ELSE
							PutMathArrayLength(localResult.tag, targetLength, indexDim);
							PutMathArrayIncrement(localResult.tag , targetIncrement, indexDim)
						END;
						ReleaseIntermediateOperand(targetLength);
						ReleaseIntermediateOperand(targetIncrement);

						INC(indexDim);

						Convert(firstIndex, addressType);
						ReuseCopy(summand, firstIndex);
						ReleaseIntermediateOperand(firstIndex)
					ELSE HALT(100);
					END;

					ASSERT((summand.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate) OR (sourceIncrement.op.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate));
					Convert(sourceIncrement.op, addressType);
					Convert(summand, addressType);
					Emit(Mul(position,summand, summand, sourceIncrement.op));

					ReleaseOperand(sourceIncrement);

					Emit(Add(position,localResult.op, localResult.op, summand));
					ReleaseIntermediateOperand(summand);
				END
			END;

			result := localResult;

			IF (resultingType IS SyntaxTree.RecordType) & (resultingType(SyntaxTree.RecordType).pointerType = NIL) THEN
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(result.tag);
				result.tag := TypeDescriptorAdr(resultingType);
				IF ~newObjectFile THEN
					IntermediateCode.MakeMemory(result.tag,addressType);
				END;

			ELSIF IsDelegate(resultingType) THEN
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(result.tag);
				IntermediateCode.InitMemory(result.tag,addressType,result.op,ToMemoryUnits(system,system.addressSize));
				UseIntermediateOperand(result.tag);

			ELSIF (resultingType IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType) & (resultingType(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Static) THEN
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(result.tag);
				IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(result.tag,addressType,resultingType(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).staticLength);

			ELSIF (resultingType IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType) THEN
				result.tag := array.tag; UseIntermediateOperand(result.tag); result.dimOffset := array.dimOffset+indexListSize-1;

			ELSIF (resultingType IS SyntaxTree.MathArrayType) THEN
				(* finalize target array descriptor *)
				ASSERT(result.tag.mode # IntermediateCode.Undefined); (* tag has been already set in the beginning *)

				(* write lengths and increments of target array for remaining dimensions *)
				i := indexListSize;
				WHILE indexDim < targetArrayDimensionality DO
					srcDim := IntermediateCode.Immediate(int32, i);
					GetMathArrayLength(leftType(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),array,srcDim,FALSE, sourceLength);
					PutMathArrayLength(result.tag, sourceLength.op,indexDim);
					ReleaseOperand(sourceLength);
					GetMathArrayIncrement(leftType(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),array,srcDim,FALSE,sourceIncrement);
					PutMathArrayIncrement(result.tag, sourceIncrement.op,indexDim);
					ReleaseOperand(sourceIncrement);
					INC(i); INC(indexDim);
				END;

				IF leftType(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Static THEN
					tmp := nil;
				ELSE
					GetMathArrayField(tmp,array.tag,MathPtrOffset);
				END;
				PutMathArrayField(result.tag, tmp, MathPtrOffset);
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(tmp);
				IF leftType(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Static THEN
					baseType := SemanticChecker.ArrayBase(resultingType, indexDim);
					tmp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType, ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(baseType)));
				ELSE
					GetMathArrayField(tmp,array.tag, MathElementSizeOffset);
				END;
				PutMathArrayField(result.tag, tmp, MathElementSizeOffset);
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(tmp);

				PutMathArrayField(result.tag, result.op, MathAdrOffset);

				(* write dimensionality *)
				IF targetArrayDimensionality # 0 THEN
					PutMathArrayField(result.tag, IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType, targetArrayDimensionality),MathDimOffset);
				END;

				PutMathArrayField(result.tag, IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,SYSTEM.VAL(LONGINT,{RangeFlag})),MathFlagsOffset);

			END;

			ReleaseOperand(array);

			IF conditional & (resultingType.resolved IS SyntaxTree.BooleanType) THEN
				ValueToCondition(result); (*! wrong as the result of an index designator is always an address *)
			END;

		END MathIndexDesignator;

		(* TENTATIVE *)
		PROCEDURE DumpOperand(operand: Operand);
		BEGIN
			D.Log.String("    op = ");
			IntermediateCode.DumpOperand(D.Log, operand.op );
			D.Log.Ln;
			D.Log.String("    tag = ");
			IntermediateCode.DumpOperand(D.Log, operand.tag );
			D.Log.Ln;
			D.Log.String("    extra = ");
			IntermediateCode.DumpOperand(D.Log, operand.extra );
			D.Log.Ln;
			D.Log.Update
		END DumpOperand;


		PROCEDURE IndexDesignator(x: SyntaxTree.IndexDesignator);
		VAR length,res: IntermediateCode.Operand; type: SyntaxTree.Type; maxDim: LONGINT; array:Operand;
			index: Operand; e: SyntaxTree.Expression;i: LONGINT; size: LONGINT;

			PROCEDURE Length(type: SyntaxTree.Type; dim: LONGINT; tag: IntermediateCode.Operand): IntermediateCode.Operand;
			VAR res: IntermediateCode.Operand; size: LONGINT;
			BEGIN
				type := type.resolved;
				IF type IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType THEN
					IF type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Static THEN
						RETURN IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).staticLength);
					ELSE
						res := tag;
						IntermediateCode.AddOffset(res,ToMemoryUnits(system,addressType.sizeInBits*(DynamicDim(type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType))-1)));
						IntermediateCode.MakeMemory(res,addressType);
						RETURN res
					END
				ELSE
					size := ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(type));
					RETURN IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,size);
				END;
			END Length;

			PROCEDURE StaticSize(type: SyntaxTree.Type): LONGINT;
			BEGIN
				WHILE (type IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType) & (type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).form # SyntaxTree.Static) DO
					type := type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).arrayBase;
				END;
				WHILE (type IS SyntaxTree.MathArrayType) & (type(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form # SyntaxTree.Static) DO
					type := type(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).arrayBase;
				END;
				RETURN ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(type));
			END StaticSize;

			PROCEDURE IsImmediate(x: IntermediateCode.Operand): BOOLEAN;
			BEGIN
				RETURN (x.mode = IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate) & (x.symbol = NIL);
			END IsImmediate;


			PROCEDURE AddInt(VAR res: IntermediateCode.Operand; x,y: IntermediateCode.Operand);
			BEGIN
				IF IsImmediate(x) & IsImmediate(y) THEN
					IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(res,x.type,x.intValue+y.intValue);
				ELSE
					IF res.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeRegister THEN
						IntermediateCode.InitRegister(res,x.type,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,AcquireRegister(x.type,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
					END;
					IF IsImmediate(x) & (x.intValue = 0) THEN
						Emit(Mov(position,res,y))
					ELSIF IsImmediate(y) & (y.intValue=0) THEN
						Emit(Mov(position,res,x))
					ELSE
						Emit(Add(position,res, x, y));
					END;
				END;
			END AddInt;

			PROCEDURE MulInt(VAR res: IntermediateCode.Operand; x,y: IntermediateCode.Operand);
			BEGIN
				IF IsImmediate(x) & IsImmediate(y) THEN
					IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(res,x.type,x.intValue*y.intValue);
				ELSE
					IF res.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeRegister THEN
						IntermediateCode.InitRegister(res,x.type,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister,AcquireRegister(x.type,IntermediateCode.GeneralPurposeRegister));
					END;
					IF IsImmediate(x) & (x.intValue = 1) THEN
						Emit(Mov(position,res,y))
					ELSIF IsImmediate(y) & (y.intValue=1) THEN
						Emit(Mov(position,res,x))
					ELSE
						Emit(Mul(position,res, x, y));
					END;
				END;
			END MulInt;


		BEGIN
			type := x.left.type.resolved;
			maxDim := x.parameters.Length()-1;
			IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(res,addressType,0);
			FOR i := 0 TO maxDim DO
				e := x.parameters.GetExpression(i);
				Evaluate(e,index);
				Convert(index.op,addressType);
				(*
				IF i = 0 THEN
					ReuseCopy(res,index.op);
				ELSE
				*)
					AddInt(res,res,index.op);
				(*
				END;
				*)

				IF i = 0 THEN
					Designate(x.left,array);
					type := x.left.type.resolved;
				END;

				length := Length(type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType),array.dimOffset+i,array.tag);
				IF ((length.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate) OR (index.op.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate)) & tagsAvailable THEN
					BoundCheck(index.op, length);
				END;
				ReleaseOperand(index);
				type := type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).arrayBase.resolved;
				length := Length(type,array.dimOffset+i-1,array.tag);
				IF (length.mode # IntermediateCode.ModeImmediate) OR (length.intValue # 1) THEN
					MulInt(res,res,length);
				END;
			END;
			IF (type IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType) THEN
				IF (type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).form # SyntaxTree.Static) THEN
					size := StaticSize(type);
					IF size # 1 THEN
						length := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,size);
						MulInt(res,res,length);
					END;
				ELSE
					size := StaticSize(type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).arrayBase);
					IF size # 1 THEN
						length := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,size);
						MulInt(res,res,length);
					END;
				END;
			END;
			AddInt(res,res,array.op);
			InitOperand(result,ModeReference);
			result.op := res;

			IF (type IS SyntaxTree.RecordType) & (type(SyntaxTree.RecordType).pointerType = NIL) THEN
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(result.tag);
				result.tag := TypeDescriptorAdr(type);
				IF ~newObjectFile THEN
					IntermediateCode.MakeMemory(result.tag,addressType);
				END
			ELSIF IsDelegate(type) THEN
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(result.tag);
				IntermediateCode.InitMemory(result.tag,addressType,result.op,ToMemoryUnits(system,system.addressSize));
				UseIntermediateOperand(result.tag);
			ELSIF (type IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType) & (type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Static) THEN
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(result.tag);
				IntermediateCode.InitImmediate(result.tag,addressType,type(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).staticLength);
			ELSIF (type IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType)  THEN
				result.tag := array.tag; UseIntermediateOperand(result.tag); result.dimOffset := array.dimOffset+maxDim;
			END;
			ReleaseOperand(array);

			IF (conditional)  & (type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.BooleanType)  THEN
				ValueToCondition(result); (*! wrong as the result of an index designator is always an address *)
			END;
		END IndexDesignator;

		PROCEDURE VisitIndexDesignator(x: SyntaxTree.IndexDesignator);
		VAR type: SyntaxTree.Type; dest: IntermediateCode.Operand;
		BEGIN
			IF Trace THEN TraceEnter("VisitIndexDesignator") END;
			dest := destination; destination := emptyOperand;
			type := x.left.type.resolved;
			IF type IS SyntaxTree.MathArrayType THEN
				MathIndexDesignator(x);
			ELSE ASSERT(type IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType);
				IndexDesignator(x);
			END;
			destination := dest;
			IF Trace THEN TraceExit("VisitIndexDesignator") END;
		END VisitIndexDesignator;

		PROCEDURE PrepareTensorDescriptor(expression: SyntaxTree.IndexDesignator): SyntaxTree.Variable;
		VAR variable: SyntaxTree.Variable; srcOperand,destOperand,procOp: Operand;
			moduleName, procedureName: SyntaxTree.IdentifierString; arrayBase: SyntaxTree.Module; saved: RegisterEntry; s: Basic.MessageString;
			procedure: SyntaxTree.Procedure;
			parameters: SyntaxTree.ExpressionList; e: SyntaxTree.Expression;
			prefixIndices, prefixRanges, suffixIndices, suffixRanges,i : LONGINT; tensorFound: BOOLEAN;
		BEGIN
			variable := GetTemporaryVariable(expression.left.type);
			parameters := expression.parameters;

			moduleName := "FoxArrayBase";
			procedureName := "CopyDescriptor";
			IF AddImport(moduleName,arrayBase,TRUE) THEN
				SaveRegisters();ReleaseUsedRegisters(saved);
				procedure := arrayBase.moduleScope.FindProcedure(SyntaxTree.NewIdentifier(procedureName));
				IF procedure = NIL THEN
					s := "procedure ";
					Strings.Append(s,moduleName);
					Strings.Append(s,".");
					Strings.Append(s,procedureName);
					Strings.Append(s," not present");
					Error(position,s);
				ELSE
					(* push address of temporary variable *)
					Symbol(variable,destOperand);
					Emit(Push(position,destOperand.op));
					ReleaseOperand(destOperand);
					(* push src *)
					Evaluate(expression.left,srcOperand);
					(*
					Dereference(srcOperand,expression.type.resolved);
					Emit(Push(position,srcOperand.tag));
					*)
					Emit(Push(position,srcOperand.op));
					ReleaseOperand(srcOperand);

					tensorFound := FALSE;
					FOR i := 0 TO parameters.Length()-1 DO
						e := parameters.GetExpression(i);
						IF e IS SyntaxTree.TensorRangeExpression THEN
							tensorFound := TRUE;
						ELSIF e IS SyntaxTree.RangeExpression THEN
							IF tensorFound THEN INC(suffixRanges) ELSE INC(prefixRanges) END;
						ELSE
							IF tensorFound THEN INC(suffixIndices) ELSE INC(prefixIndices) END;
						END;
					END;

					Emit(Push(position,IntermediateCode.Immediate(int32,prefixIndices)));
					Emit(Push(position,IntermediateCode.Immediate(int32,prefixRanges)));
					Emit(Push(position,IntermediateCode.Immediate(int32,suffixIndices)));
					Emit(Push(position,IntermediateCode.Immediate(int32,suffixRanges)));

					StaticCallOperand(procOp,procedure);
					Emit(Call(position,procOp.op,ProcedureParametersSize(system,procedure)));
					ReleaseOperand(procOp);
				END;
				RestoreRegisters(saved);
			END;
			RETURN variable

		END PrepareTensorDescriptor;

		PROCEDURE PushParameter(expression: SyntaxTree.Expression; parameter: SyntaxTree.Parameter; callingConvention: LONGINT; needsParameterBackup: BOOLEAN; VAR parameterBackup: IntermediateCode.Operand; numberRegister: LONGINT);
		VAR
			type, descriptorType, baseType: SyntaxTree.Type;
			operand, tmpOperand, variableOp: Operand;
			baseReg, tmp, dimOp: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			variable: SyntaxTree.Variable;
			dim, i, size: LONGINT;

			(* TODO: needed? *)
			oldArrayDestinationTag: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			oldArrayDestinationDimension: LONGINT;
			position: LONGINT;

			PROCEDURE Pass(op: IntermediateCode.Operand);
			VAR registerClass: IntermediateCode.RegisterClass; parameterRegister: IntermediateCode.Operand;
			BEGIN
				IF numberRegister >= 0 THEN
					IntermediateCode.InitRegisterClass(registerClass, IntermediateCode.Parameter, SHORT(numberRegister));
					IntermediateCode.InitRegister(parameterRegister, op.type, registerClass, AcquireRegister(op.type, registerClass));
					Emit(Mov(position,parameterRegister, op));
				ELSE
					Emit(Push(position,op))
				END
			END Pass;


			PROCEDURE PushArrayLens(formalType,actualType: SyntaxTree.Type; dim: LONGINT);
			VAR tmp: IntermediateCode.Operand; actualArrayBase: SyntaxTree.Type;
			BEGIN
				formalType := formalType.resolved; actualType := actualType.resolved;
				IF IsOpenArray(formalType)THEN
					IF actualType IS SyntaxTree.StringType THEN
						Pass((IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,actualType(SyntaxTree.StringType).length)));
						RETURN;
					ELSIF (actualType IS SyntaxTree.MathArrayType) & (actualType(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Static) THEN
						Pass((IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,actualType(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).staticLength)));
						actualArrayBase := actualType(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).arrayBase.resolved;
					ELSIF actualType(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Static THEN
						Pass((IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,actualType(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).staticLength)));
						actualArrayBase := actualType(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).arrayBase.resolved;
					ELSE
						tmp := baseReg;
						IntermediateCode.AddOffset(tmp,ToMemoryUnits(system,dim*system.addressSize));
						IntermediateCode.MakeMemory(tmp,addressType);
						Pass((tmp));
						actualArrayBase := actualType(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).arrayBase.resolved;
					END;
					PushArrayLens(formalType(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).arrayBase.resolved, actualArrayBase,dim-1);
				END;
			END PushArrayLens;

		BEGIN
			IF Trace THEN TraceEnter("PushParameter") END;
			position := expression.position;
			IF expression.resolved # NIL THEN expression := expression.resolved END;
			type := expression.type.resolved;

			ASSERT( ((type IS SyntaxTree.MathArrayType) = (parameter.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.MathArrayType))
						OR  (type IS SyntaxTree.MathArrayType) & (parameter.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.ArrayType)
							& (type(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Static)
							& (parameter.type.resolved(SyntaxTree.ArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Open)
				);

			(* TODO: needed? *)
			oldArrayDestinationTag := arrayDestinationTag;
			oldArrayDestinationDimension := arrayDestinationDimension;

			IF IsArrayOfSystemByte(parameter.type) THEN
				Designate(expression,operand);
				tmp := GetDynamicSize(type,operand.tag);
				ReleaseIntermediateOperand(operand.tag);
				operand.tag := tmp;
				IF callingConvention = SyntaxTree.OberonCallingConvention  THEN
					Pass((operand.tag));
				END;
				Pass((operand.op));
			ELSIF IsOpenArray(parameter.type) THEN
				Designate(expression,operand);
				baseReg := operand.tag;
				IF callingConvention = SyntaxTree.OberonCallingConvention  THEN
					PushArrayLens(parameter.type,type,operand.dimOffset+DynamicDim(parameter.type)-1);
				END;
				Pass((operand.op)); (* address of the array *)
			ELSIF parameter.type.resolved IS SyntaxTree.MathArrayType THEN
			(* case 1 *)
				IF (parameter.type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Open) &
				(parameter.kind IN {SyntaxTree.ValueParameter, SyntaxTree.ConstParameter}) THEN
					size := MathLenOffset + 2*SemanticChecker.Dimension(parameter.type.resolved,{SyntaxTree.Open});
					size := ToMemoryUnits(system,size*addressType.sizeInBits);
					Emit(Sub(position,sp,sp,IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,size)));
					dim := SemanticChecker.Dimension(parameter.type.resolved,{SyntaxTree.Open});
					arrayDestinationTag := sp;

					(* case 1b *)
					IF expression IS SyntaxTree.IndexDesignator THEN
					(*
						dim := SemanticChecker.Dimension(parameter.type.resolved,{SyntaxTree.Open});
						descriptorType := GetMathArrayDescriptorType(dim);
						variable := GetTemporaryVariable(descriptorType,expression.position);
						Symbol(variable,variableOp);
						arrayDestinationTag := variableOp.op;
						*)
						ReuseCopy(arrayDestinationTag,arrayDestinationTag);
						dim := SemanticChecker.Dimension(parameter.type.resolved,{SyntaxTree.Open});
						arrayDestinationDimension := dim;
						Designate(expression,operand);
					(* case 1a *)
					ELSIF type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Open THEN
					Designate(expression,operand);
						Emit(Copy(position,arrayDestinationTag,operand.tag,IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,size)));
						i := 0;
						WHILE (i< dim) & (type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Open) DO
							type := type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).arrayBase;
							INC(i);
						END;
						type := expression.type.resolved;
						WHILE (i<dim) DO (* remaining static dimensions *)
							dimOp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,i);
							GetMathArrayLength(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),operand,dimOp,FALSE,tmpOperand);
							PutMathArrayLength(arrayDestinationTag,tmpOperand.op,i);
							ReleaseOperand(tmpOperand);
							GetMathArrayIncrement(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),operand,dimOp,FALSE,tmpOperand);
							PutMathArrayIncrement(arrayDestinationTag,tmpOperand.op,i);
							ReleaseOperand(tmpOperand);
							INC(i);
						END;
						dimOp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,dim);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,dimOp,MathDimOffset);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,nil,MathFlagsOffset);
					(* case 1d *)
					ELSIF type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Tensor THEN
						Designate(expression,operand);
						Dereference(operand,type.resolved);
						DimensionCheck(operand.tag, IntermediateCode.Immediate(int32,dim),BreqL);
						Emit(Copy(position,sp(*arrayDestinationTag*),operand.tag,IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,size)));
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,nil,MathFlagsOffset);
					(* case 1f *)
					ELSIF type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Static THEN
						Designate(expression,operand);
						FOR i := 0 TO dim-1 DO
							dimOp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,i);
							GetMathArrayLength(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),operand,dimOp,FALSE,tmpOperand);
							PutMathArrayLength(arrayDestinationTag,tmpOperand.op,i);
							ReleaseOperand(tmpOperand);
							GetMathArrayIncrement(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),operand,dimOp,FALSE,tmpOperand);
							PutMathArrayIncrement(arrayDestinationTag,tmpOperand.op,i);
							ReleaseOperand(tmpOperand);
						END;
						dimOp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,dim);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,dimOp,MathDimOffset);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,operand.op,MathAdrOffset);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,nil,MathPtrOffset);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,nil,MathFlagsOffset); (*! set static flag *)
						baseType := SemanticChecker.ArrayBase(type,dim);
						tmp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(baseType)));
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,tmp,MathElementSizeOffset);
					ELSE HALT(100);
					END;
				ELSIF (parameter.type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Open) & (parameter.kind = SyntaxTree.VarParameter) THEN
					dim := SemanticChecker.Dimension(parameter.type.resolved,{SyntaxTree.Open});
					(* case 2b *)
					IF expression IS SyntaxTree.IndexDesignator THEN
						descriptorType := GetMathArrayDescriptorType(dim);
						variable := GetTemporaryVariable(descriptorType);
						Symbol(variable,variableOp);
						arrayDestinationTag := variableOp.op;
						ReuseCopy(arrayDestinationTag,arrayDestinationTag);
						arrayDestinationDimension := dim;
						Designate(expression,operand);
						Pass((operand.tag));
					(* case 2a *)
					ELSIF type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Open THEN
						WHILE (i< dim) & (type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Open) DO
							type := type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).arrayBase;
							INC(i);
						END;
						IF i = dim THEN
							Designate(expression,operand);
							Pass((operand.tag));
						ELSE (* open-static *)
							type := expression.type.resolved;
							descriptorType := GetMathArrayDescriptorType(dim);
							variable := GetTemporaryVariable(descriptorType);
							Symbol(variable,variableOp);
							arrayDestinationTag := variableOp.op;
							Designate(expression,operand);
							FOR i := 0 TO dim-1 DO
								dimOp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,i);
								GetMathArrayLength(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),operand,dimOp,FALSE,tmpOperand);
								PutMathArrayLength(arrayDestinationTag,tmpOperand.op,i);
								ReleaseOperand(tmpOperand);
								GetMathArrayIncrement(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),operand,dimOp,FALSE,tmpOperand);
								PutMathArrayIncrement(arrayDestinationTag,tmpOperand.op,i);
								ReleaseOperand(tmpOperand);
							END;
							dimOp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,dim);
							PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,dimOp,MathDimOffset);
							PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,operand.op,MathAdrOffset);
							PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,nil,MathPtrOffset);
							PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,nil,MathFlagsOffset); (*! set static flag *)
							baseType := SemanticChecker.ArrayBase(type,dim);
							tmp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(baseType)));
							PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,tmp,MathElementSizeOffset);
							Pass((arrayDestinationTag));
						END;
					(* case 2d *)
					ELSIF type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Tensor THEN
						Designate(expression,operand);
						Dereference(operand,type.resolved);
						DimensionCheck(operand.tag, IntermediateCode.Immediate(int32,dim),BreqL);
						Pass((operand.tag));
					(* case 2f *)
					ELSIF type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Static THEN
						descriptorType := GetMathArrayDescriptorType(dim);
						variable := GetTemporaryVariable(descriptorType);
						Symbol(variable,variableOp);
						arrayDestinationTag := variableOp.op;
						Designate(expression,operand);
						FOR i := 0 TO dim-1 DO
							dimOp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,i);
							GetMathArrayLength(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),operand,dimOp,FALSE,tmpOperand);
							PutMathArrayLength(arrayDestinationTag,tmpOperand.op,i);
							ReleaseOperand(tmpOperand);
							GetMathArrayIncrement(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),operand,dimOp,FALSE,tmpOperand);
							PutMathArrayIncrement(arrayDestinationTag,tmpOperand.op,i);
							ReleaseOperand(tmpOperand);
						END;
						dimOp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,dim);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,dimOp,MathDimOffset);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,operand.op,MathAdrOffset);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,nil,MathPtrOffset);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,nil,MathFlagsOffset); (*! set static flag *)
						baseType := SemanticChecker.ArrayBase(type,dim);
						tmp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(baseType)));
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,tmp,MathElementSizeOffset);
						Pass((arrayDestinationTag));
					ELSE HALT(100);
					END;
				ELSIF (parameter.type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Tensor) & (parameter.kind IN {SyntaxTree.ConstParameter,SyntaxTree.ValueParameter}) THEN
					dim := SemanticChecker.Dimension(type,{SyntaxTree.Open,SyntaxTree.Static});
					(* case 3b *)
					IF expression IS SyntaxTree.IndexDesignator THEN
						IF type(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Tensor THEN (* indexer of form a[e,....,?] *)
							variable := PrepareTensorDescriptor(expression(SyntaxTree.IndexDesignator));
							Symbol(variable,variableOp);
							LoadValue(variableOp,system.addressType);
						ELSE
							descriptorType := GetMathArrayDescriptorType(dim);
							variable := GetTemporaryVariable(descriptorType);
							Symbol(variable,variableOp);
						END;
						arrayDestinationTag := variableOp.op;
						ReuseCopy(arrayDestinationTag,arrayDestinationTag);
						arrayDestinationDimension := 0;
						Designate(expression,operand);
						Pass((operand.tag));
					(* case 3a *)
					ELSIF type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Open THEN
						i := 0;
						WHILE (i< dim) & (type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Open) DO
							type := type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).arrayBase;
							INC(i);
						END;
						IF i = dim THEN
							Designate(expression,operand);
							Pass((operand.tag));
						ELSE (* open-static *)
							type := expression.type.resolved;
							descriptorType := GetMathArrayDescriptorType(dim);
							variable := GetTemporaryVariable(descriptorType);
							Symbol(variable,variableOp);
							arrayDestinationTag := variableOp.op;
							Designate(expression,operand);
							FOR i := 0 TO dim-1 DO
								dimOp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,i);
								GetMathArrayLength(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),operand,dimOp,FALSE,tmpOperand);
								PutMathArrayLength(arrayDestinationTag,tmpOperand.op,i);
								ReleaseOperand(tmpOperand);
								GetMathArrayIncrement(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),operand,dimOp,FALSE,tmpOperand);
								PutMathArrayIncrement(arrayDestinationTag,tmpOperand.op,i);
								ReleaseOperand(tmpOperand);
							END;
							dimOp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,dim);
							PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,dimOp,MathDimOffset);
							PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,operand.op,MathAdrOffset);
							PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,nil,MathPtrOffset);
							PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,nil,MathFlagsOffset); (*! set static flag *)
							baseType := SemanticChecker.ArrayBase(type,dim);
							tmp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(baseType)));
							PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,tmp,MathElementSizeOffset);
							Pass((arrayDestinationTag));
						END;
					(* case 3d *)
					ELSIF type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Tensor THEN
						Designate(expression,operand);
						Dereference(operand,type.resolved);
						(*
						DimensionCheck(operand.tag, IntermediateCode.Immediate(int32,dim),BreqL);
						*)
						Pass((operand.tag));
					(* case 3f *)
					ELSIF type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType).form = SyntaxTree.Static THEN
						descriptorType := GetMathArrayDescriptorType(dim);
						variable := GetTemporaryVariable(descriptorType);
						Symbol(variable,variableOp);
						arrayDestinationTag := variableOp.op;
						Designate(expression,operand);
						FOR i := 0 TO dim-1 DO
							dimOp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,i);
							GetMathArrayLength(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),operand,dimOp,FALSE,tmpOperand);
							PutMathArrayLength(arrayDestinationTag,tmpOperand.op,i);
							ReleaseOperand(tmpOperand);
							GetMathArrayIncrement(type.resolved(SyntaxTree.MathArrayType),operand,dimOp,FALSE,tmpOperand);
							PutMathArrayIncrement(arrayDestinationTag,tmpOperand.op,i);
							ReleaseOperand(tmpOperand);
						END;
						dimOp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,dim);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,dimOp,MathDimOffset);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,operand.op,MathAdrOffset);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,nil,MathPtrOffset);
						PutMathArrayField(arrayDestinationTag,nil,MathFlagsOffset); (*! set static flag *)
						baseType := SemanticChecker.ArrayBase(type,dim);
						tmp := IntermediateCode.Immediate(addressType,ToMemoryUnits(system,system.SizeOf(